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BUREAU OF MINES 
INFORMATION CIRCULAR/1988 



Characterization of the 1986 
Coal Mining Workforce 

By Shaii J. Butani and Ann M. Bartholomew 



UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 



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Information Circular 9192 



Characterization of the 1 986 
Coal Mining Workforce 

By Shail J. Butani and Ann M. Bartholomew 



UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 
Donald Paul Hodel, Secretary 

BUREAU OF MINES 
T S Ary, Director 



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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 



Butani, Shail J. 

Characterization of the 1986 coal mining workforce 

(Information circular ; 9192) 

Bibliography: p. 7 

Supt. of Docs, no.: I 28.27:9192 

1. Coal miners— United States. I. Bartholomew, Ann M. II. Title. HI. Series: Information 
circular (United States. Bureau of Mines) ; 9192. 



TN23.tM3~ 622 s 331.7'622334'0973 88-600142 HD8039.M62U6 



CONTENTS 



Page 

Abstract 1 

Introduction 2 

Acknowledgments 2 

Survey methodology 2 

Population 2 

Sample 3 

Data collection 3 

Data coding, entering, and editing 3 

Estimation procedures 3 

Grouping of characteristics 4 

Job title and principal equipment operators 4 

Employment size class 4 

Present job, present company, and 

total mining experience 4 

Job-related training during last 2 years 4 

Age 4 

Reliability of estimates 4 

Validation of estimates 5 



Summary of major findings 5 

Application of data for injury analyses 7 

Recommendations for future work 7 

References 7 

Appendix A. — Coal mining industry job 

title grouping 8 

Appendix B. — Coal mining industry 

equipment operated grouping 11 

Appendix C. — Estimation procedures 13 

Appendix D. — Reliability of estimates: 

random group variance technique 14 

Appendix E. — Coal mining 1986 workforce 

estimates 15 

Appendix F. — Mining industry population 

survey letters and questionnaire 57 



ILLUSTRATIONS 

1. Percentage of 1986 coal mining workforce with at least a high school diploma, by age 6 

2. Percentage of 1986 coal mining workforce with at least a high school diploma, by sex 7 

3. Percentage of 1986 coal mining workforce with at least a high school diploma, by race 7 



TABLES 



1. Population and injury statistics for 1986 coal mining sector 2 

2. Demographics survey response status: 1986 coal mining sector 3 

Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates— 

E-l. Employment size class, by type of coal mined 15 

E-2. Job title, by type of coal mined 15 

E-3. Principal equipment operated, by type of coal mined 16 

E-4. Work location at mine, by type of coal mined 16 

E-5. Experience at job, company, and mining, by type of coal mined 17 

E-6. Training received, by type of coal mined 17 

E-7. Age distribution, by type of coal mined 18 

E-8. Sex, race, and education, by type of coal mined 18 

E-9. Job title, by employment size class 19 

E-10. Principal equipment operated, by employment size class 20 

E-ll. Work location at mine, by employment size class 20 

E-12. Experience at job, company, and mining, by employment size class 21 

E-13. Training received, by employment size class 22 

E-14. Age distribution, by employment size class 22 

E-15. Sex, race, and education, by employment size class 23 

E-16. Job title, by principal equipment operated 24 

E-17. Job title, by work location at mine 26 

E-18. Job title, by years of experience at job 27 

E-19. Job title, by years of experience at company 28 

E-20. Job title, by years of mining experience 29 

E-21. Job title, by hours of training received in last 2 yr 30 

E-22. Job title, by years of age 31 

E-23. Job title, by sex 32 

E-24. Job title, by race 33 

E-25. Job title, by education 34 

E-26. Principal equipment operated, by years of experience at job 35 



TABLES— Continued 

Page 

E-27. Principal equipment operated, by hours of training received in last 2 yr 36 

E-28. Principal equipment operated, by years of age 37 

E-29. Principal equipment operated, by sex 38 

E-30. Principal equipment operated, by race 39 

E-31. Principal equipment operated, by education 40 

E-32. Job, company, and mining experience, by work location 41 

E-33. Training received, by work location 42 

E-34. Age distribution, by work location 42 

E-35. Sex, race, and education, by work location 43 

E-36. Experience at job, by hours of training received in last 2 yr 44 

E-37. Experience at job, by years of age 45 

E-38. Experience at job, by sex 46 

E-39. Experience at job, by race 46 

E-40. Experience at job, by education 46 

E-41. Experience at company, by hours of training received in last 2 yr 47 

E-42. Experience at company, by years of age 48 

E-43. Experience at company, by sex 48 

E-44. Experience at company, by race 49 

E-45. Experience at company, by education 49 

E-46. Age, by education 49 

E-47. Age, race, and education, by sex 50 

E-48. Age and education, by race 51 

Number of workers and coefficient of variation— 

E-49. Employment size class, by type of coal mined 51 

E-50. Job title, by type of coal mined 52 

E-51. Principal equipment operated, by type of coal mined 53 

E-52. Work location at mine, by type of coal mined 54 

E-53. Experience at job, company, and mining, by type of coal mined 54 

E-54. Training received, by type of coal mined 55 

E-55. Age, by type of coal mined 55 

E-56. Sex, race, and education, by type of coal mined 56 



CHARACTERIZATION OF THE 1986 COAL MINING WORKFORCE 

By Shail J. Butani 1 and Ann M. Bartholomew 2 



ABSTRACT 

In 1986, the Bureau of Mines conducted a probability sample survey, Mining 
Industry Population Survey, to measure such employee characteristics as occupation; 
principal equipment operated; work location at the mine; present job, present company, 
and total mining experience; job-related training during the last 2 yr; age; sex; race; 
and education. The population estimates are necessary to properly analyze the Mine 
Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) injury (includes illness and fatality data) 
statistics; that is, to compare and contrast injury rates for various subpopulations in 
order to identify those groups that are exhibiting higher than average injury rates. 

This report uses the survey's results to characterize the U.S. coal mining workforce 
from March through September 1986. A companion report, Information Circular (IC) 
9193, "Characterization of the 1986 Metal and Nonmetal Mining Workforce," provides 
similar information for the U.S. metal and nonmetal mining industry. 

'Mathematical statistician (now with Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC). 
Statistical assistant. 
Twin Cities Research Center, Bureau of Mines, Minneapolis, MN. 



INTRODUCTION 



According to the occupational safety and health (OSH) 
statistics published annually by the U.S. Department of Labor, 
Bureau of Labor Statistics, the mining industry (excluding oil 
and gas extraction) always has had one of the highest injury 
incidence rates among the major industry divisions. One of the 
primary objectives of the Bureau of Mines is to conduct 
research in the area of health and safety of the nation's miners, 
aimed at reducing the incidence rate of work-related injuries, 
(includes illnesses and fatalities) in the domestic mining indus- 
try. In order to reduce the overall incidence rate, the Bureau 
needs to identify which groups or subpopulations of the 
workforce are exhibiting higher than average incidence rates. 

To identify the high-risk groups, information about the 
injured workers and about the entire workforce is required. 
Present regulations permit MSHA to collect information on all 
mine injuries requiring medical attention. Hence, a data base 
containing various characteristics on the injured workforce is 
available. Since similar information about the entire workforce 
was not available, the Bureau conducted a probability sample 
survey called the Mining Industry Population Survey (MIPS), 
also known as the demographics survey, to collect the neces- 
sary data. The 1986 survey measured the following character- 
istics: job title or occupation, principal equipment operated, 
work location at mine, experience at present job, experience at 
present company, total mining experience, job-related training 
during last 2 yr, age, sex, race, and education. This demo- 
graphics survey provided information about the population at 
risk and will aid research in pinpointing the hazardous seg- 
ments of the population, as illustrated by the following 
example. 

From MSHA's coal injury data base, it is known that 
12,765 males and 197 females working in the U.S. coal mining 
industry were injured in 1986. If information about the 
population at risk (i.e., the number of male and female 
workers for the coal industry in 1986) is not known, then it is 
not valid to draw the conclusion that male miners are at a 
much higher injury risk than female miners. The estimates 
from the demographics survey show that there were a total of 



144,859 male workers and 6,119 female workers (table E-23) 
employed in U.S. coal mining in 1986. Of these workers, the 
nonoffice workforce identified by occupation or job title 
consists of 142,363 males and 3,328 females (table E-8). The 
reason for excluding office workers from the analysis is to 
account for some of the obvious difference in job risk. It 
should be noted that in the office worker category, only 2 pet 
are males and 46 pet are females (table E-23). 

The added information on the population puts the injury 
statistics in a better perspective, as shown in table 1 . 



Table 1 .—Population and injury statistics for 
1986 coal mining sector 





Population statistics 






Injury statistics 




Workers 


pet 


Injuries 


pet Lost workdays pet 


Male 
Female . 


142,363 

3,328 


97.7 
2.3 


12,765 
197 


98.5 302,841 97.9 
1.5 6,374 2.1 


Total.. 


145,691 


100.0 


12,962 


100.0 309,215 100.0 



Since the difference between the population and injury 
distribution is relatively large, it would be interesting to further 
investigate the source of variation. Could it be due to varia- 
tions in the job mix by sex? 

Hence, the present research will aid in finding solutions to 
reduce the injury incidence rates for the high-risk groups. That 
is, the collected information will be used to compare and 
contrast the demographics composition of the hazardous 
groups with those of the safer groups. Thus, through present 
research, the differences and similarities between the two 
groups can be defined. 

The purpose of this report is to provide the U.S. coal 
mining population estimates for March through September 
1986 by various characteristics. This information is essential to 
performing the injury data analysis which is the ultimate goal 
of the survey. 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 



The authors thank the officials of the U.S. Department of 
Labor, MSHA, for submitting the MIPS package to the Office 
of Management and Budget for its clearance to collect the 
data. Special thanks go to Kathy Snyder, public affairs spe- 



cialist, Office of Information and Public Affairs, MSHA, for 
initiating the study, and to Edwin Thomasson, research liaison 
officer, Technical Support, MSHA, for his continuous effort 
and support. 



SURVEY METHODOLOGY 



POPULATION 

The MIPS covered all workers employed in the anthracite 
coal (SIC 3 111), bituminous coal (SIC 121), metal (SIC 
101-106, 109, 281), stone (SIC 141, 142, 324, 327), sand and 
gravel (SIC 144), and nonmetal (SIC 131, 145, 147, 149, 289, 
299) mining industries of the United States during the period 



3 The Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) was revised in 1987; the industry 
group numbers used here are those in effect at the time of the MIPS. 



March through September 1986. This report gives estimates 
only for the coal mining (SIC 111 and 121) sector; IC 9193 
gives estimates for the 1986 metal and nonmetal mining sector. 
The information pertaining to the mine employees in- 
cluded in the survey was collected through the mine operators, 
because a comprehensive sampling frame (name and address 
file) of the workers in mine establishments was not available, 
and cost considerations prohibited the data collection through 
personal visits. The number of universe units (establishments 
under MSHA's jurisdiction) covered by the scope of this survey 



was approximately 18,350, with a total employment level of 
about 350,000. The number of establishments and employ- 
ment for the coal mining sector was about 7,750 and 160,000, 
respectively. The scope of the data for the employees covered 
by this survey is the same as that of the data collected by 
MSHA form 7000-1 for the mine accidents, injuries, illnesses, 
and fatalities, and MSHA form 7000-2 for quarterly mine 
employment and coal production. The collection of the fun- 
damental statistics reported on these two forms is required by 
law (30 U.S.C. 813; 30 CFR 50). 



SAMPLE 

The principal feature of the survey sample design was its 
use of two-stage stratified random sampling. The primary 
sampling units (first stage) were the mine establishments; the 
secondary sampling units were employees within each of the 
chosen mine establishments. The characteristics used to strat- 
ify the primary units were the industry (anthracite coal, 
bituminous coal, metal, stone, sand and gravel, nonmetal); 
mine type (underground, surface, plant or mill); employment 
size class (1-19, 20-49, 50-99, 100-249, 250-499, 500-999, 
1 ,000 and above); and status code (active, intermittent). Since 
the first three stratification characteristics are highly correlated 
with the characteristics that the survey was to measure, use of 
stratified sampling increased the efficiency of the sample 
design and thus resulted in a smaller required sample size. The 
fourth characteristic, status code, was chosen so that nonre- 
sponse adjustment could be made within more homogenous 
groups. This is desirable because proportionately higher num- 
bers of nonmailable, out-of-business, refusal, etc., responses 
are reported from intermittent mine establishments than from 
active mine establishments. 

The sampling frame used for this survey was the 1985 
preliminary address and employment file maintained by 
MSHA. A probability sample of 1,476 coal establishments 
from a universe of 7,733 coal mining establishments was 
selected by stratifying the frame as previously described and 
using a systematic sampling procedure with a random start for 
each stratum. The employees within an establishment were 
selected by using a systematic sampling procedure with a 
common random start for each employment size class. 

A brief description of the sample allocation is as follows. 
For larger employment size classes, the allocation procedure 
placed all of the establishments on the frame in the sample as 
primary sampling units from which the employees were sub- 
sampled at a low frequency rate. As employment size class 
decreased, smaller and smaller proportions of the establish- 
ments were included as primary sampling units, but the 
employees within the establishments were subsampled at a 
higher frequency rate. The use of this procedure gave each 
employee, to the extent possible, about the same probability of 
inclusion in the sample, thus reducing the sampling variability. 
In order to limit the response burden for any one establish- 
ment, a maximum sample of 50 employees per establishment 
was selected. 

DATA COLLECTION 

The MIPS was conducted from March through September 
1986 by mail questionnaire through the Bureau's Twin Cities 
(MN) Research Center. A reproduction of the original letter, 
followup letter, and the questionnaire bearing the Office of 
Management and Budget clearance number authorizing col- 
lection of the data are included in appendix F. 



Table 2 gives a summary of the results for the coal mining 
sector from the original and followup mailings, as well as from 
telephone calls to the nonrespondents. 

Table 2.— Demographics survey response status: 
1986 coal mining sector 

Overall Usable 

Industry Population Sample res P° nse "J^^ res P° nse 

No. pet No. pet 

Anthracite coal 406 141 124 88 105 84 80 

Bituminous coal 7,327 1,335 1,112 83 858 538 63 

Total 7,733 1,476 1,236 84 963 622 65 

1 Nonrespondents + usables + refusals + unusables (excludes out-of- 
businesses, nonmailables, duplicates, temporary inactives, and new busi- 
nesses under construction). 

A brief description of the response terms follows: 
Response code Description 

Nonrespondent Received no response from the 

establishment. 

Usable Establishment provided usable data. 

Refusal Establishment refused to provide any 

data. 
Unusable Establishment provided data that 

were not in usable format. 
Nonmailable Establishment's address was either 

insufficient or wrong. 
Duplicate Data were combined with another 

establishment's data. 
Out-of-business Establishment was permanently 

closed. 
New business Establishment was in development 

stage. 
Temporary inactive... Establishment was temporarily not 

operating. 

As part of the data collection phase, all the returns were 
reviewed and edited for completeness and reasonableness of 
the data. Whenever there were inconsistencies, the respondents 
were called for reconciliation. Also, almost all of the respon- 
dents that had initially refused to participate in the survey were 
contacted by phone. Approximately 80 pet of these respon- 
dents ultimately supplied data. Adjustments for those mine 
establishments that did not supply the data, or supplied partial 
data, are explained in the "Estimation Procedures" section 
and in appendix C. 

DATA CODING, ENTERING, AND EDITING 

The returns underwent a very comprehensive review and 
editing process in order to (1) minimize the reporting differ- 
ences among the respondents (establishments), (2) ensure 
consistency of coding among the individual worker entries, (3) 
ensure the accuracy of the data entry, and (4) ensure compat- 
ibility of occupation and equipment coding with the MSHA 
injury data base. 

ESTIMATION PROCEDURES 

In a simple random sampling plan, all units are sampled 
with the same sampling ratio. To derive the population esti- 
mates, the sample units are weighted (replicated) by the inverse 



of the sampling ratio. Because of efficiency consideration, the 
data for this demographics study were collected using a 
complex survey design. Hence, the data for each worker, the 
ultimate sampling unit, were not equally weighted. Instead, the 
population estimates were derived by weighting data for each 
worker with the appropriate final weight of the data, which 
was the product of the following three factors: (1) the inverse 
of the sampling ratio with which the primary sampling unit 
(establishment) was sampled; (2) a nonresponse adjustment 
factor that was computed separately for each sampling stratum 
and assigned to all responding establishments in a stratum to 
account for those establishments in that stratum that did not 
respond; and (3) the inverse of the sampling ratio with which 
the secondary sampling units (workers) were selected. A 
detailed discussion of the different weights and estimation 
formulas are given in appendix C. In statistical terms, the 
survey's estimates of the population total were based on a 
Horvitz-Thompson estimator (7). 4 

No adjustment was made for partial nonresponse. That 
is, the characteristics that were left blank by the respondents 
were coded as unspecified and were, naturally, weighted by 
their appropriate final weight in computing the population 
estimates. The percentage unspecified for a particular charac- 
teristic gives the user an indication of the completeness of the 
schedules. 



GROUPING OF CHARACTERISTICS 

The original data base has detailed data for the charac- 
teristics mentioned below. For purposes of publication, the 
detailed data were combined into groups. Please contact the 
authors to obtain detailed data or a different grouping of the 
data for any or all of the characteristics. 

Job Title and Principal Equipment Operated 

Since the original data base has about 100 codes for each 
of these two categories (see appendixes A and B), the entries 
were combined into 20 to 25 groups. Similarities of the job title 
or principal equipment operated, and number of workers in 
each entry were two of the main criteria used in forming the 
groups. 

Employment Size Class 

The classes used for this characteristic are the standard 
size class definition used by MSHA. Because there were less 
than three mines for the size class having 1,000 or more 
employees, the estimates for this class were computed sepa- 
rately and then were combined with the estimates for employ- 
ment size class 500 through 999 in order to protect the 
confidentiality of the mines as well as the workers. The 
combined size class is labeled as 500 + . 

Present Job, Present Company, and Total Mining 
Experience 

The data for all three of these characteristics were coded 
only as the number of years. It was felt that data were not 
reliable enough to be accurate to the month. The groupings 
were formed to be as compatible as possible to the groupings 
used by MSHA for its injury statistics. 



4 Italic numbers in parentheses refer to items in the list of references preceding 
the appendixes at the end of this report. 



Job-Related Training During the Last 2 Years 

The grouping for this characteristic was formed to reflect 
the definite and logical intervals that various mine operators 
employ and that meets the need of the mine safety personnel. 
The most frequently reported number was 16 h for training 
during last 2 yr; this is because MSHA requires a minimum 
training of 8 h/yr. Also, MSHA and safety personnel are 
interested in knowing the percent of workers who receive no 
training. Hence, both and 16 h were categorized separately. 

Age 

The groupings for age were formed to be about the same 
as what MSHA uses for their injury statistics. 



RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES 

As stated in reference 2: 

All estimates derived from a sample survey are 
subject to sampling and nonsampling errors. Sampling 
errors occur because observations are made on a sample, 
not on the entire population. Estimates based on the 
different possible samples of the same size and sample 
design could differ. Nonsampling errors in the estimates 
can be attributed to many sources, e.g., inability to 
obtain information about all cases in the sample, mis- 
takes in recording or coding the data, definitional 
difficulties, etc. 
Nonsampling errors occur in a census as well as in a 
sample survey. As mentioned earlier, the completed forms 
underwent a very comprehensive review and edit process. This 
was primarily done to minimize the nonsampling errors. 

In a probability sample the coefficients of variation 
(CV's), which are a measure of the sampling errors in the 
estimates, can be estimated from the survey data. CV's were 
calculated for the basic characteristics as part of the survey 
estimation process; the CV's as well as the corresponding 
estimates for number of workers are given in tables E-49 
through E-56. The CV's for other estimates can also be 
derived if requested. The methodology used to compute the 
estimated CV's is given below. 

By definition, the CV of any sample estimate is equal to 
the standard error of the estimate divided by the value of the 
estimate (3). In other words, it is a measure of relative 
variation. Because the survey data will be used by numerous 
researchers to measure different statistics (e.g., totals, means, 
medians, percentages) by various cross-classification catego- 
ries, it was not feasible to use the exact formula for the 
standard error estimates. Hence, a generalized formula that 
approximated the exact formula and that was easy to imple- 
ment for computing all the standard error estimates was 
developed. It should be noted that since the survey uses a 
complex sampling design, the usual variance, standard devia- 
tion, and standard error estimates computed by the software 
packages are no longer valid because they are based on simple 
random sample design. The reliability measures for this survey 
were computed by employing a random group variance tech- 
nique. A brief description of it is given in appendix D and a 
detailed discussion is given in reference 4. 

The purpose of producing a reliability measure for this 
report is to define the confidence interval or range that would 
include the comparable complete coverage value. For example, 
the total number of estimated truck drivers for the 1986 coal 
industry was 7,297 (table E-2 and E-50) with a CV of 4.6 pet 



(table E-50). Based on this information, the standard error on 
the total number of truck drivers is 336 (estimate X CV = 
7,297 x 0.046) and the 95-pct confidence interval is 6,625 to 
7,969 (7,297 ± 2 x 336). This means that with 95 pet 
confidence it can be said that the interval 6,625 to 7,969 
includes the total number of coal truck drivers that would have 
been obtained from a census of the frame. 

It should be noted that normally the variance (square of 
the standard error) of a total pertaining to the combined two 
industries would be equal to the sum of the variances for each 
industry because the two industries were sampled indepen- 
dently. That is, the variance for the total number of truck 
drivers for the entire coal mining industry would be equal to 
the sum of the variances for the truck drivers in anthracite and 
bituminous coal mining industries. However, this methodol- 
ogy was not employed to compute the variance estimates for 
the combined two industries, instead, even for this estimate, 
the random group variance technique as described in appendix 
D was employed. This was primarily done, as mentioned 
previously, because the survey data will be used by numerous 
researchers to measure different statistics (other than totals) 
such as means, medians, percentages, etc., and for these 
statistics the variance for the combined two industries will not 
be the simple sum of the variances for each industry. Hence, 
for reasons of consistency and simplicity the random group 
variance estimator was used to compute all variances and thus 
CV estimates. 

In general, the smaller the subpopulation size, the larger 
the variability in the estimates. Additionally, the larger the 
nonresponse, the less reliable the estimate may be. As men- 
tioned earlier, nonresponse error is considered a nonsampling 
error. This error occurred more frequently for estimates of 
job-related training during the last 2 yr and total mine 
experience than for other variables because conceptually these 
variables are harder to report. Moreover, it is possible that the 
training estimates might be somewhat biased because many 
respondents filled in 16 h, the minimum number of hours 
required by MSHA over a 2-yr period. 



VALIDATION OF ESTIMATES 

Once the estimates were produced, they were validated for 
accuracy and reasonableness by several mining industry spe- 
cialists. Additionally, the total employment for each industry 
was compared to an independent census conducted by MSHA, 
the results of which are reported in references 5 through 9. The 
injury experience report tabulates the injury-illness-fatality 
data reported to MSHA on form 7000-1 and employment data 
reported on form 7000-2. While the data base used to compile 
the statistics for this report contains detailed information for 
the injured victims, it does not contain similar information for 
the entire workforce. The breakdown of total employment is 
available only by type of coal mined, employment size class, 
and work location. Hence, the MIPS was conducted so that 
MSHA injury data could be analyzed in greater detail. 

The data show that the overall employment figures from 
the two sources differed about 13 pet for coal industry, with 



the MSHA figures being higher than those of the demograph- 
ics survey. The differences in the estimates are caused in part by 
differences in reporting, coverage period, definitions, and 
methodology, as explained below, for data comparison by 
employment size class and by work location. 

When comparing distribution of workers by employment 
size class, the differences between the numbers in table E-l of 
this report and MSHA data as stated in tables 4, 4A, and 4B 
of reference 9, are substantial. This is mainly due to the 
differences in definitions and methodology. The MIPS classi- 
fication is based on total employment of an establishment as it 
existed when the respondents filled out the questionnaires. 
MSHA collects employment on an quarterly basis and for each 
quarter it is possible for the employment to be broken into a 
maximum of four different work locations; hence each estab- 
lishment may have up to 16 different employment figures. 

Per MSHA methodology, the size groups are classified 
according to the lowest numbered (primary) subunit's average 
employment of four quarters and not on the total employment 
of an establishment, as is the case with the MIPS. For 
example, if an establishment's annual average employment is 
60, but the employment for the primary subunit, say under- 
ground, is 15, then the establishment per MSHA's methodol- 
ogy is in size class 1 through 19, whereas according to the 
MIPS procedure it is in size class 50 through 99. It is for this 
reason the average employment per operation as stated in table 
4 of reference 9 is 4.6 for size class 1-4. It should be noted that 
the MSHA classification overestimates the employment in 
smaller size classes. 

In view of the above, the injury data as published in 
references 5 through 9 by size class should not be analyzed 
against the MIPS employment size class data. Instead, the 
analyst needs to retabulate the MSHA injury data from the 
original data tapes so that the size class definition corresponds 
to the MIPS. 

Also, a large difference existed between MIPS and MSHA 
figures for employment distribution by work location. This is 
primarily due to differences in reporting. The employment 
reported to MSHA every quarter is in aggregate numbers for 
each work location (maximum of four). Generally, this type of 
reporting results in gross approximations in the breakdown of 
variables like employment. For the MIPS data, the work 
location was reported for each worker in the sample, in the 
same manner as it is reported to MSHA on form 7000-1 for 
each injured worker. It should be noted that the data on work 
location for individual worker is known with more specificity 
than for the whole population. Hence, it is appropriate to 
analyze the survey work location data with MSHA injury 
statistics. 

Additionally, a small portion of the difference in the two 
estimates is due to the job title category of office workers. The 
MIPS underestimated the number of employees in this cate- 
gory because many respondents assumed that these workers 
very seldom incur injuries and therefore were not to be 
reported. For the purposes of accident analysis, the office 
workers are to be excluded because of the obvious difference in 
the injury risk. Hence, the difference in counts of office 
workers does not make any difference. 



SUMMARY OF MAJOR FINDINGS 



The findings of the survey by various cross classifications 
are given in tables E-l through E-48; tables E-49 through 
E-56 give reliability estimates for the basic characteristics and 



a detailed discussion of their use is given in the "Reliability of 
Estimates" section. If desired, the estimates by some other 
classification criteria including more detailed estimates (e.g., 



distribution of workers by age and experience at present 
company in the bituminous coal industry working at the 
underground location) can be derived from the original data 
base. The following findings are based on the data for the 
entire 1986 coal mining workforce. 

• The total estimated workforce for the anthracite coal 
industry was approximately 2,600 while that of bitumi- 
nous coal was 149,200 (table E-l). The data also 
indicate that 39 pet of the anthracite coal workforce was 
employed in establishments with 19 or less employees as 
compared with 1 1 pet for the bituminous coal industry. 

• The total estimated workforce for the coal industry was 
approximately 151,800, of which 15 pet were employed 
as laborers-miners-utility-service persons, another 15 
pet as mechanics-welders-oilers-machinists, and 7 pet 
as dozer-heavy-mobile equipment operators (table 
E-2). Each of the remaining occupation groupings had 
fewer than 7 pet of the employees. 

• The distribution of the coal workforce was under- 
ground mine, 46 pet; surface at underground mine, 6 
pet; surface mine, 34 pet; plant or mill, 9 pet; and 
office, 5 pet (table E-4). Also, the distribution for work 
locations underground mine, surface mine, and plant 
or mill for anthracite coal industry was vastly different 
from that of bituminous coal. 

• The median experience at the present company ranged 
from 5 yr for truck drivers to 11 yr for longwall 
operators and working foremen (table E-l 9). 

• Mean hours of training during the last 2 yr ranged from 
23 for scoop tractor operators to 63 for working 
foremen (table E-21). 

• Of the female employees, 46 pet had the job title 
category of office worker, compared with 2 pet of the 
males (table E-23). 

• Median experience at present job was 5 yr for surface 
mine and plant or mill workers compared with 3 yr for 
underground mine workers and 4 yr for surface at 
underground mine workers (table E-32). Surface mine 
workers had lower median present company experience 
and total mining experience than the workers at the 
other three nonoffice work locations. 

The following findings are based on data that exclude the job 
title category of office worker. 

• The single largest category of equipment operated was 
handtools (powered and nonpowered) (table E-3). 

• The median experience at present job, present com- 
pany, and total mining were 4, 8, and 1 1 yr, respectively 
(table E-5). 

• Mean job-related training during the last 2 yr was about 
21 h for anthracite workers and about 35 h for bitumi- 
nous workers (table E-6). 

• Mean age of anthracite workers was 42 yr compared 
with 39 yr for bituminous workers (table E-7). Also, the 
percentage of workers 50 yr and over in the anthracite 
coal industry was much greater than in bituminous 
coal. 

• Males made up 98 pet of the coal workforce (table 
E-8). Note that the 98-pct figure excludes the unspeci- 
fied category. 

• Whites, blacks, and Hispanics made up 94, 2, and 1 
pet, respectively, of the workforce (table E-8). The 
remaining 3 pet workers belonged either to another race 
or were unspecified. 



• Of those workers whose education was specified, 78 pet 
had a high school or better education (table E-8). Note 
that this figure is obtained by (1) summing the workers 
in the categories high school diploma, vocational di- 
ploma, some college, and college degree, and (2) divid- 
ing this sum by the total number of workers minus the 
workers in unspecified category. In this case, it is 96,650 
divided by 124,501. 

• Median experience with present company for establish- 
ments with less than 50 employees was 5 yr compared 
with about 9 yr for those with 50 or more employees 
(table E-12). 

• Mean job-related training during the last 2 yr was about 
30 h for establishments with less than 250 employees, 
compared with about 42 h for establishments with 250 
or more employees (table E-l 3). 

• Mean age was about 39 yr across all size classes (table 
E-14). 

• Those workers that operated no equipment received the 
most training, an average of 49 h during the last 2 yr 
(table E-27). At first this result seemed quite surprising, 
then a close examination of the data by cross referenc- 
ing to column "None" of table E-16 revealed that most 
of these workers are in managerial positions. In effect, 
it is the managers who are receiving the most training 
(table E-21). 

• Education and median experience at the present com- 
pany were inversely related (table E-45); that is, on the 
average, the less educated the person was, the longer he 
or she was employed with the company. 

• There were a higher percentage of employees with at 
least a high school education under the age of 35 yr 
than there were of age 35 yr and over (table E-46 and 
figure 1); proportionately more females had high school 
or higher education than males (table E-47 and figure 
2); education by race (table E-48) is shown in figure 3. 



82 pet 



85 pet 85 pet 87 P ct 



73 pct 



73 pct 



56 pct 



15-23 24-26 27-29 30-34 35-39 40-49 50+ 

AGE, yr 

FIGURE 1 .—Percentage of coal mining 1986 workforce with at 
least a high school diploma, by age (excluding job title category 
of office worker, as well as workers whose education was 
unspecified). 





87 pet 


77 pet 











82 pet 


84 pet 


78 pet 





















MALE 



FEMALE 



WHITE 



BLACK 



HISPANIC 



FIGURE 2.— Percentage of coal mining 1986 workforce with at 
least a high school diploma, by sex (excluding job title category 
of office worker, as well as workers whose education was 
unspecified). 



FIGURE 3.— Percentage of coal mining 1986 workforce with at 
least a high school diploma, by race (excluding job title cate- 
gory of office worker, as well as workers whose education was 
unspecified). 



APPLICATION OF DATA FOR INJURY ANALYSES 



The ultimate objective of this study is to provide a basis 



for- 



1. Analyzing the 1986 MSHA coal injury statistics and 
identifying those subpopulations exhibiting higher or lower 
than average injury rates. 

2. Producing some selected estimates by geographic loca- 
tion such as regions (east, central, west), MSHA districts, or 
States and performing injury analyses. 



3. Developing an easy to use computerized data base that 
would be available to the researchers to do their own analyses, 
especially in the area of targeting injury prevention and 
training efforts. 

The results from these analyses, which encompass all 
facets of mining operations, can help identify areas where 
research efforts should be devoted to achieve the greatest safety 
improvements, thus preventing creation of unnecessary regu- 
lations or crash research programs that tend to waste funds. 



RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE WORK 



1. After the injury analyses are performed, and the 
hazardous areas or subpopulations have been identified, it 
would be desirable to further investigate their problems and 
needs. This can be accomplished by conducting some special 
surveys such as an equipment use survey, maintenance-related 
work survey, small mines survey, etc. 

2. Repeat the MIPS and perform the injury analyses 
periodically, say every 3 to 5 yr, in order to study the changing 



mining environment and its impact on mining safety and 
productivity. When the survey is repeated, it is recommended 
that modifications be made to the questionnaire to reflect new 
needs. It is also recommended that the collection of total mine 
experience and job-related training data be eliminated, since 
these variables are conceptually very hard to measure. Also, 
the variables experience on the job and experience with the 
company should be measured in years only. 



REFERENCES 



1. Cochran, W. G. Sampling Techniques. Wiley, 3d ed., 1977, 428 
PP. 

2. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational Injuries and 
Illnesses in the United States by Industry, 1985. May 1987, 81 pp. 

3. Hansen, M. H., W. N., Hurwitz, and W. G. Madow. Sample 
Survey Methods and Theory. Wiley, v. 1, 1953, 638 pp. 

4. Wolter, K. M. Introduction to Variance Estimation. Springer- 
Verlag, 1985, 440 pp. 

5. U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration. Injury Experience 
in Metallic Mining, 1986. Inf. Rep. 1158, 1987, 276 pp. 



6. . Injury Experience in Stone Mining, 1986. Inf. Rep. 1 160, 

1987, 450 pp. 

7. . Injury Experience in Sand and Gravel Mining, 1986. Inf. 

Rep. 1161, 1987, 111 pp. 

8. . Injury Experience in Nonmetallic Mining, 1986. Inf. 

Rep. 1159, 1987, 291 pp. 

9. . Injury Experience in Coal Mining, 1986. Inf. Rep. 1157, 

1987, 390 pp. 



APPENDIX A.— COAL MINING INDUSTRY JOB TITLE GROUPING 



Description 



Job title code 



Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 367, 378, 340 

Beltman-belt cleaner-belt repairman 601, 154, 1012, 996 

Blaster 807 

Continuous miner and related machine operator 35, 36, 37, 38, 43, 116 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 372 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 368, 985 

Driller-auger operator 833, 834, 370, 371 

Electrician-wireman-lampman 402, 602, 603, 611, 385 

Front-end loader operator 382 

Grader-scraper operator 375, 957 

Laborer-miner-utility man 616, 53, 316, 10, 16, 32, 39, 45, 157, 216, 224, 

386, 395, 397, 609, 624, 706, 708, 710, 874, 
997, 1013 

Longwall operator 40, 41, 44 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

general 430, 449, 481, 489, 494 

maintenance 418 

working 749 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 404, 604, 605, 1019, 1018, 1060, 394, 608 

Mine technical support 393, 396, 414, 423, 456, 462, 464, 495, 592, 593, 

594, 921, 965, 998, 1014, 1017, 1023 

Office worker 497 

Plant operator-warehouseman 374, 379, 380, 388, 392, 1022 

Roof bolter-rock driller 46, 47, 1056 

Scoop tractor operator-motorman 128, 269, 969, 262, 276, 373, 962 

Shuttle car operator 850 

Thick driver 376 



Code Description 

10 Jacksetter, on face underground 

16 Faceman , on section underground 

32 Brattice man 

35 Continuous miner helper 

36 Continuous miner operator 

37 Cutting machine helper 

38 Cutting machine operator 

39 Hand loader operator 

40 Headgate operator 

41 Longwall helper 

Longwall operator 
43 Loading machine operator 

Gathering arm loader operator 
44 Shear operator 

Longwall operator 

45 Rockman 

46 Pinner 

Roof trimmer 

Scaler operator 

Truss bolter 

Roof bolter 
47 Roof bolter helper 

Pinner helper 

53 Utility man , underground 

116 Mucking machine operator, underground 

128 Scoop operator, underground 

154 Belt cleaner 



Code Description 

157 Pumper off section, underground 

216 Track workers 

Trackman, underground 

224 Transportation trainee, underground 

262 Brakeman 

269 Locomotive operator 

Motorman, underground 
276 Jeep driver 

Tractor operator, underground 
316 Service truck operator 

Pumper, surface 

Utility man, surface 

Track gang, surface 

340 Boom operator 

367 Pitman 

Backhoe operator 

Shovel operator 
368 Tractor operator, surface 

Dozer operator 

370 Auger operator 

371 Auger helper 

372 Boat operator 

Deckhand 

Barge loader 

Barge attendant 

Dredge operator 
373 Car dropper 



Code Description 

374 Sandbox operator 

Crusher operator 

Reagent operator 

Preparation plant operator 

Cleaning plant operator 

Shipping 

Bagger-baler 

Blunger operator 

Warehouseman 

Bulk loader 

Storekeeper 

Mill operator 

Car loader 

375 Grader operator, surface 

376 Truck driver, surface 

378 Crane operator, surface 

Dragline operator 
379 Kiln operator 

Calciner 

Dryer operator 

380 Fine coal plant operator 

382 Front-end loader operator, surface 

Loader operator 

Highlift operator 

Payloader operator 

385 Lampman 

386 Refuse truck driver 

388 Shaker operator 

Separator operator 

Screen operator 
392 Washery operator 

Binman 

Tipple operator 
393 Scaleperson 

Weighmaster 

394 Carpenter 

395 Water truck operator 

396 Watchman 

Security guard 

397 Fireman 

402 Master electrician 

404 Master mechanic 

414 Laboratory assistant 

Technicians 

Quality control 

Laboratory technician 

Laboratory supervisor 
418 Maintenance supervisor 

Maintenance foreman 
423 Surveyor 

Draftsman 
430 Assistant foreman- vice president 

Assistant manager 
449 President 

Owner 

Mine manager 

Mine foreman 
456 Engineer 

Chemist 

Geologist 

Metallurgist 



Code Description 

462 Mine examiner 

Examiner 

Preshift examiner 

Fireboss 

464 Inspector 

481 Assistant supervisor-superintendent 

Superintendents 

Supervisors 

489 Outside foreman 

494 Mill foreman 

Plant foreman 

Plant manager 

Mill manager 
495 Safety director 

Safety manager 

Environmental coordinator 

Safety coordinator 

Safety engineer 
497 Clerk 

Office help 

Accountant 

Computer operator 

Secretary 

Timekeeper 

Controller 

592 Safety instructor 

593 Nurse 

594 Training specialist 

601 Belt mover 

Conveyor man 

Beltman 

Belt installer 

Tailpiece man 
602 Lineman 

Electrician 

603 Electrician helper 

604 Millwright 

Plumber 

Boilermaker 

Mechanic 

Fueler 

Pipe man 

Repairman 

Pipefitter 

Boiler operator 

Boiler trainee 

605 Mechanic helper 

608 Mason 

609 Material man 

Supplyman 

611 Wireman 

616 Roustabout 

Miner 

Groundman 

Laborer 

Parts Runner 
624 Trainees 

Apprentice 

706 Rock duster 

708 Ventilation man 



10 



Code Description 

710 Timberman 

Propman 
749 Leadman 

Production supervisor-superintendent 

Section boss 

Section foreman 

Labor foreman 

Shift boss 

Working foreman 

Production foreman 
807 Blaster 

Shot firer 

Powder man 

Chargeman 

Hole loader 

833 Driller helper 

834 Stoper operator 

Driller 
850 Buggy operator 

Ramcar operator 

Shuttle car operator 
874 Stationery mine equipment operator 

Mine equipment operator 
921 Hoist engineer 

Hoist operator 

Hoistman 
957 Scraper operator 

Pan operator 
962 Trip rider 

Flagman 

Car runner surface 



Code Description 

965 Dispatcher 

Expeditor 

969 Locomotive engineer 

Motorman 

985 Heavy equipment operator 

Mobile equipment operator 

996 Feeder operator 

997 General or many equipment operator 

998 Janitor 

1012 Belt repairman 

Belt vulcanizer 

1013 Cleanup man 

1014 Coal sampler 

Coal tester 
Sampler 

1017 Rodman 

1018 Greaser 

Oiler 
Lube man 

1019 Welder 

1022 Dump operator 

Dump man 

1023 Transit man 

1056 Rock driller 

1060 Shopman 

Shop foreman 
Bit sharpener 
Machinist 



11 



APPENDIX B.— COAL MINING INDUSTRY EQUIPMENT OPERATED GROUPING 



Description 



Equipment code 



Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 60, 14 

Belt 13, 96 

Continuous miner and related machinery 12, 16, 25, 43 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 8, 85 

Explosives 47 

Front-end loader-forklift 24, 23 

Grader-scraper 52, 57 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 28 

Hoist 30 

Locomotive-mine car 34, 41, 42, 56, 64, 65 

Longwalls and parts 35, 36 

Many equipment 97 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 95 

Plant equipment 40, 7, 11, 15, 18, 22, 26, 51, 58, 69, 83 

Rock dusting machine-pump 48, 55 

Roof bolting machine-underground drill 54, 20, 53 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 92, 80, 91 

Scoop 33 

Shuttle car 61 

Surface drill-auger 9, 4 

Truck (haulage) 44, 45 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 67, 37, 66 

Welding machine-lathe 70, 5 

None 

Unspecified-not elsewhere classified 99, 98, 3, 71 



Code 



Description 



Code 



Description 



None 

3 Helicopters 

4 Auger 

Auger machine 

5 Lathe 

7 Boats 

Barges 

Water transportation 
8 Bulldozer 

Dozer 

Crawler tractor 
9 Carriage-mounted drill 

Jumbo drill 

Churn drill 

Rotary drill 

Jet piercing drill 

Airtrack compressor drill 
11 Classifier 

Cyclones 
12 Continuous miner 

Dosco miner 
13 Conveyor 

All types belts 

Belt feeder 

Mobile bridge carrier 
14 Crane 

Derrick 

Cherry picker 

Basket scaler 

Scaling machine 

Rock or dropball 

Boom hoist 

Gantry 



15 Crusher 

Breaker 
16 Undercutter 

Cutting machines 

Chain cutter 

18 Dredge 

20 Electric drills 

Hydraulic drills 

Coal drills 
22 Precipitator heavy media bath 

Filters 

Flotation machines 

Filte- 

23 Forklift 

24 Loader 

Front-end loader 

Highlift 

Payloader 

Bobcat 
25 Gathering arm loader 

Coal loading machine 

15BU joy 

26 Grizzlies 

28 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 

Ram jack 
30 Car dropper 

Hydraulic jack 

Hoist 
33 S&S battery 

Unitrac 

Load-haul-dump 

Scoop tram 

Teletram car 



12 



Code Description 

34 Trammer 

Lorry car 

Locomotive 

Rail-mounted locomotive 

Tow-motor 
35 Longwall machine 

Plow shearer 
36 Longwall shield 

Jacks or chocks 

Longwall subparts 
37 Golf cart 

Mancar 

Inspector's friend 

Jeep 

Mantrip 

Personnel carrier 

Porta bus 

Boss buggy 

Rail runner 

Rail rover 
39 Grinding mills 

Rod or ball mills 
40 Milling machinery 

General plant equipment 

Sandboxes 

Block press 
41 Underground flatcar 

Timber truck, underground 

Nipper truck, underground 

Mine car, underground 
42 Boxcar, surface 

Hopper car, surface 

Mine car, surface 

Ore-coal car, surface 
43 Overshot loader 

Mucking machine 

44 Ore haulage trucks, offhighway 

45 Pay loader ore haulage, onhighway 

47 Driller loader 

Powder buggy 

Pneumatic blast agent loader 

Explosives 

Prill loader 

Pop shooter 
48 Pump 

51 Dump bins 

Raw coal storage 
Tipple 

52 Motor grader 

Motor patrol 
Road grader 

53 Track drill 

Jackleg 
Airleg 
Drifter drill 
Stoper drill 
Diamond drill 
Jackhammer 
Hydraulic drill 
Rock drill 
Buzzy drill 
Jumbo drill 



Code Description 

54 Pinner 

Scaler 

Roof bolting machine 

Rock bolting machine 

Trussbolter 

55 Rock dusting machine 

56 Rump rail 

Rotary dump 
57 Scoop, surface 

Self-loading scraper 

Scraper loader 

Pan scraper 

Tractor scraper 
58 Vibrator 

Shaker 

Screen 
60 Dragline 

Power shovel 

Dragline bucket 

Big muskie 

Stripping shovel 

Gradall 

Backhoe 

Clamshell 
61 Buggy 

Shuttle car 

Ram car 
64 Tamping machine 

Railroad tie packer 
65 Track maintenance 

Track repair equipment 
66 Elkhorn 

Tractor, underground 

Supply car 
67 Service truck 

Pickup truck 

Water truck 

Dump truck 

Trash truck 

Utility truck 

69 Washers 

70 Welding machine 

Torch 
71 Drilling rigs 

Machines, not elsewhere classified 

Wheelbarrows 

Rock rake 

Hydroseeder 

Impact roller 

80 Lab equipment 

83 Calciners 

Kilns 

Furnaces 

Dryers 
85 Heavy equipment 

Mobile equipment 
91 Controls 

Consoles 

92 Scales 

95 Miscellaneous utility equipment 

96 ....._. Feeder 

97 General or many equipment 

98 Not elsewhere classified 

99 Not specified 



13 



APPENDIX C— ESTIMATION PROCEDURES 



Establishment weight. — Suppose one out of every five 
mine establishments in a sampling stratum (industry-mine 
type-employment size class-status) was selected. Then, the 
sampling ratio is 1/5, and the establishment weight (EWT) is 
5.00, the inverse of the sampling ratio. 

Nonresponse adjustment factor. — Also suppose in a given 
sampling stratum, 80 pet of the establishments that were 
within the scope of the survey responded. Then, the nonre- 
sponse adjustment factor (NRAF) is 1.25 (i.e., 100/80). 

Worker weight. — Additionally, there was the sampling 
ratio with which the workers in the establishment were sam- 
pled; the worker weight (WWT) ranged from 1 .00 to 30.00 (see 
the first page of MIPS questionnaire in appendix F). Theoret- 
ically, all the workers in a sampling stratum should have had 
the same weight. Hence, there would have been no need to 
assign weight at the worker level as the worker weight could 
have been incorporated into the establishment weight. In 
practice, however, this is seldom the case because for a few 
establishments the employment level changes from what it was 
on the sampling frame to the time of the survey data collec- 
tion. Since all the establishments did not report in the same 
employment size class that they were sampled in, it was 
necessary to also assign each worker a weight. 

Final weight. — For the purpose of computing the esti- 
mates, each worker was assigned a final weight (FWT), which 
was the product of establishment weight (EWT), nonresponse 
adjustment factor (NRAF), and the worker weight (WWT). 
That is, FWT = EWT X NRAF X WWT. 

Estimates of number of workers. — The estimates of the 
total number of workers were computed by (1) summing the 
final weights over the appropriate domain, and (2) rounding 
the sum to the nearest integer. 

Example: To estimate the total number of truck drivers in 
the anthracite coal industry: 



1. Compute x = £ FWTj, 



where, the domain D was the set of all records (workers) that 
had an industry code of anthracite and occupation code of 
truck driver. 

2. Compute y = round (x). 



Estimates of mean. — The estimates of mean age (training) 
were computed by summing over the appropriate domain (1) 
the product of age (training) and final weight, (2) the final 
weights, and then, (3) dividing the sum of the products by the 
sum of the weights and rounding the result to the nearest whole 
number. It should be noted that for each domain only these 
entries where age (training) was specified were included in the 
computation: 

Example: The mean age of the blasters in the coal 
industry was estimated as follows. 

1. Compute x = £ (Age , * FWT;). 



2. Compute y = £ FWT ; , 



where, domain D is the set of all records on the coal file 
(anthracite as well as bituminous industry) that had an occu- 
pation code of blasters with age being specified. 

3. Compute z = round (x/y). 

Estimates of median. — The estimates of median job, 
company, and mining experience were derived by (1) sorting 
the records within the domain in ascending order of the 
experience for which the median statistic was desired, (2) 
computing the total number of workers (NW) in the domain by 
summing the final weights, and (3) selecting the experience 
corresponding to the middle worker (s) in the ordering. That is, 
if NW is an odd number, then the median experience is the 
experience corresponding to the (NW/2 + l)th worker in the 
ordering; if NW is an even number, then the median experience 
is the midpoint (rounded to the nearest integer) of the experi- 
ence corresponding to the (NW/2)th and (NW/2 + l)th 
worker in the ordering. As with the mean estimates, the 
median estimates also excluded those entries in the domain 
with unspecified experience. 



14 



APPENDIX D.— RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES: 
RANDOM GROUP VARIANCE TECHNIQUE 



The random group method of variance estimation em- 
ployed in this study consisted of selecting eight samples using 
the same sampling scheme for each sample as the parent 
sample. The primary sampling units (establishments) were 
divided into two sets. The first set consisted of noncertainty 
(probability of selection less than 1 .00) primary sampling units 
sorted by their original industry-mine type-employment size 
class-status. A random integer, say j, between 1 and 8 was 
generated. The first primary unit in the ordering was assigned 
to the random group j , the second to the random group j + 1 , 
and so forth in a modulo 8 fashion. Then, the secondary 
sampling units (workers) were assigned the same random group 
number as the primary unit to which they belonged. 

The second set consisted of all secondary sampling units 
belonging to the certainty (probability of selection equal to 
1.00) primary sampling units. The secondary sampling units 
were sorted by the same scheme as above, and a random 
integer, say k, between 1 and 8 was generated. Then, the first 
secondary unit in the ordering was assigned to the random 
group k, the second to the random group k + 1, and so forth 
in a modulo 8 fashion. Hence, each worker belonged to a 
random group. For a more detailed discussion of the random 
group technique, the reader is referred to reference 4 of the 
main text. 

The following procedure was followed in computing the 
estimated variance (var), standard error (s), and the coefficient 
of variation (CV) for the estimated number of workers belong- 
ing to a particular category. 



1. The domain (i.e., category) was defined. 

2. A separate estimate for total number of workers, 9;, for 
each of the eight random groups was computed. If any random 
group was empty, then a zero was assigned to that random 
group. 

3. Total number of workers, 0, for all eight groups was 
computed as 

e = e, + e 2 + ... + e 8 . 

4. The mean number of workers per group was computed 



as 



e = e/8. 

5. The variance fore was computed as 

ri (0= -I) 2 
var (0) = 8 JJ ' • 

i=l ' 

6. The standard error of was computed as 



s(0) = V var (e). 
7. The CV forG was computed as 

CV (9) = M£* X 100.0. 

e 



15 



APPENDIX E.— COAL MINING 1986 WORKFORCE ESTIMATES 

TABLE E-1.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: employment size class, by type of coal mined 

Anthracite Bituminous Total 

Employment size class 1 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

1-19 1,016 39 16,999 11 18,016 12 

20-49 882 34 21,495 14 22,377 15 

50-99 300 12 14,473 10 14,773 10 

100-249 380 15 34,248 23 34,628 23 

250-499 41,935 28 41,935 28 

500+ 20,009 13 20,009 13 

Total 2,578 100 149,158 100 151,737 100 

1 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



TABLE E-2.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by type of coal mined 



Anthracite 

Job title grouping 1 

Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 188 7 

Beltman-belt cleaner-belt repairman 7 

Blaster 9 

Continuous miner and related machine 

operator 4 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 3 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 101 4 

Driller-auger operator 110 4 

Electrician-wireman-lampman 50 2 

Front-end loader operator 132 5 

Grader-scraper operator 12 

Laborer-miner-utility man 620 24 

Longwall operator 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 187 7 

Maintenance 2 

Working 6 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 503 19 

Mine technical support 90 4 

Office worker 81 3 

Plant operator-warehouseman 160 6 

Roof bolter-rock driller 

Scoop tractor operator-motorman 15 1 

Shuttle car operator 

Truck driver 301 12 

Total 2,578 100 

'As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Bituminous 




Total 




Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


2,825 


2 


3,013 


2 


5,214 


3 


5,221 


3 


1,209 


1 


1,218 


1 


6,433 


4 


6,437 


4 


232 





235 





10,480 


7 


10,580 


7 


2,762 


2 


2,872 


2 


6,155 


4 


6,205 


4 


4,192 


3 


4,324 


3 


2,446 


2 


2,459 


2 


22,647 


15 


23,267 


15 


1,036 


1 


1,036 


1 


9,214 


6 


9,400 


6 


2,250 


2 


2,252 


1 


5,515 


4 


5,521 


4 


22,735 


15 


23,237 


15 


6,707 


4 


6,797 


4 


5,261 


4 


5,342 


4 


5,735 


4 


5,895 


4 


8,206 


6 


8,206 


5 


5,261 


4 


5,277 


3 


5,646 


4 


5,646 


4 


6,997 


5 


7,297 


5 



149,158 



100 



151,737 



100 



16 



TABLE E-3.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by type of coal mined 



Anthracite 
Equipment operated grouping 2 

Workers 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 181 

Belt 10 

Continuous miner and related machinery 4 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 103 

Explosives 9 

Front-end loader-forklift 167 

Grader-scraper 12 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 390 

Hoist 41 

Locomotive-mine car 19 

Longwalls and parts 

Many equipment 29 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 490 

Plant equipment 136 

Rock dusting machine-pump 2 

Roof bolting machine-underground drill 23 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 26 

Scoop 

Shuttle car 

Surface drill-auger 92 

Truck (haulage) • 310 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 6 

Welding machine-lathe 225 

None 207 

Unspecified-not elsewhere classified 14 

Total 2,498 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



pet 



Bituminous 




Workers 


pet 


2,887 


2 


5,299 


4 


6,222 


4 


9,638 


7 


1,209 


1 


5,216 


4 


2,868 


2 


25,633 


18 


443 





3,997 


3 


945 


1 


2,859 


2 


12,810 


9 


4,108 


3 


1,132 


1 


8,844 


6 


2,182 


2 


3,853 


3 


5,703 


4 


2,055 


1 


7,311 


5 


2,487 


2 


4,284 


3 


21,735 


15 


178 






Total 



Workers 



pet 

2 

4 
4 
7 
1 
4 
2 

18 

3 
1 
2 
9 
3 
1 
6 
2 
3 
4 
1 
5 
2 
3 

15 




7 


4 

7 


16 
2 
1 

1 

20 
5 

1 
1 


4 

12 

9 
8 
1 



100 



143,897 



100 



3,067 
5,308 
6,226 
9,741 
1,218 
5,383 
2,881 

26,023 

484 

4,016 

945 

2,888 

13,300 
4,245 
1,134 
8,868 
2,208 
3,853 
5,703 
2,147 
7,621 
2,494 
4,509 

21,942 
192 



146,395 



100 



TABLE E-4.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: work location at mine, by type of coal mined 



Work location 



Anthracite 




Bituminous 




Total 




Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


392 


15 


69,471 


47 


69,863 


46 


121 


5 


8,757 


6 


8,878 


6 


1,229 


48 


51,061 


34 


52,291 


34 


730 


28 


12,222 


8 


12,952 


9 


107 


4 


7,647 


5 


7,753 


5 


2,578 


100 


149,158 


100 


151,737 


100 



Underground mine 

Surface at underground mine. 

Surface mine 

Plant or mill 

Office 

Total 



NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



TABLE E-5.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, company, and mining, by type of coal mined 



17 



Anthracite 

Experience, yr 

Workers 

At present job: 

0< to £1 219 

1< to £2 243 

2< to <3 117 

3< to <5 218 

5< to £10 439 

10< to £20 345 

20< 136 

Unspecified 781 

Total 2,498 

Median yr.... 6 

At present company: 

0< to £1 311 

1< to <5 725 

5< to £10 488 

10< to £15 630 

15< to £20 177 

20< to £25 93 

25< to £30 28 

30< 35 

Unspecified 9 

Total 2,498 

Median yr.... 7 

Total mining: 

0< to <1 89 

1< to £5 299 

5< to <10 291 

10< to £15 287 

15< to £20 114 

20< to £25 85 

25< to <30 88 

30< 66 

Unspecified 1,179 

Total 2,498 

Median yr.... 10 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Bituminous 



Total 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



9 


26,01 1 


18 


26,230 


18 


10 


20,877 


15 


21,120 


14 


5 


13,707 


10 


13,824 


9 


9 


21,911 


15 


22,129 


15 


18 


34,212 


24 


34,651 


24 


14 


14,047 


10 


14,392 


10 


5 


1,587 


1 


1,723 


1 


31 


11,545 


8 


12,325 


8 



100 
NAp 



100 
NAp 



143,897 
4 



143,897 
8 



100 
NAp 



100 
NAp 



146,395 

4 



146,395 
8 



100 
NAp 



12 


10,647 


7 


10,958 


7 


29 


35,467 


25 


36,193 


25 


20 


43,556 


30 


44,044 


30 


25 


33,153 


23 


33,783 


23 


7 


12,129 


8 


12,307 


8 


4 


2,525 


2 


2,618 


2 


1 


1,074 


1 


1,102 


1 


1 


2,760 


2 


2,795 


2 





2,586 


2 


2,595 


2 



100 
NAp 



4 


3,341 


2 


3,430 


2 


12 


16,591 


12 


16,890 


12 


12 


38,623 


27 


38,914 


27 


11 


33,668 


23 


33,955 


23 


5 


14,152 


10 


14,266 


10 


3 


4,524 


3 


4,610 


3 


4 


2,168 


2 


2,257 


2 


3 


4,335 


3 


4,401 


3 


47 


26,494 


18 


27,673 


19 


100 


143,897 


100 


146,395 


100 


NAp 


11 


NAp 


11 


NAp 



TABLE E-6.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 training received, by type of coal mined 



Job training for last Anthracite 

2 y r ' h Mean Workers pet 

167 7 

1-8 8 104 4 

9-15 12 12 

16 16 963 39 

17-40 35 117 5 

41-80 71 114 5 

81-160 125 17 1 

161+ 240 6 

Unspecified NAp 997 40 

Total or mean 21 2,498 100 35 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Bituminous 



Total 



Mean 


Workers 


pet 


Mean 


Workers 


pet 





4,157 


3 





4,324 


3 


7 


6,328 


4 


7 


6,432 


4 


11 


2,080 


1 


11 


2,092 


1 


16 


46,775 


33 


16 


47,738 


33 


29 


31,186 


22 


29 


31 ,303 


21 


58 


14,102 


10 


58 


14,216 


10 


111 


5,645 


4 


111 


5,662 


4 


306 


2,667 


2 


306 


2,673 


2 


NAp 


30,956 


22 


NAp 


31,953 


22 



143,897 



100 



35 



146,395 



100 



18 



TABLE E-7.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age distribution, by type of coal mined 



Anthracite 
Age, yr 

Mean Workers pet 

15-20 19 30 1 

21-23 22 94 4 

24-26 25 130 5 

27-29 28 184 7 

30-34 32 378 15 

35-39 37 332 13 

40-49 44 471 19 

50+ 58 777 31 

Unspecified NAp 103 4 

Total or mean 42 2,498 100 39 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 
NAp Not applicable. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 





Bituminous 






Total 




Mean 


Workers 


pet 


Mean 


Workers 


pet 


19 


735 


1 


19 


765 


1 


22 


2,946 


2 


22 


3,040 


2 


25 


7,750 


5 


25 


7,879 


5 


28 


14,541 


10 


28 


14,725 


10 


32 


31,287 


22 


32 


31 ,665 


22 


37 


28,222 


20 


37 


28,554 


20 


44 


33,971 


24 


44 


34,441 


24 


56 


22,682 


16 


56 


23,459 


16 


NAp 


1,763 


1 


NAp 


1,866 


1 



143,897 



100 



39 



146,395 



100 



TABLE E-8.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 sex, race, and education, by type of coal mined 



Anthracite 

Workers 

Sex: 

Male 2,487 

Female 10 

Unspecified 

Total 2,498 

Race: 

White 2,480 

Black 6 

Hispanic 5 

Other 5 

Unspecified 1 

Total 2,498 

Education level: 

Some elementary 61 

Some high school 173 

High school diploma 1,148 

Vocational diploma 151 

Some college 35 

College degree 52 

Unspecified 877 

Total 2,498 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Bituminous 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



Total 



Workers 



pet 



100 





100 



100 



100 



139,876 

3,317 

704 



143,897 



143,897 



143,897 



97 
2 




100 



100 



100 



142,363 

3,328 

704 



146,395 



146,395 



146,395 



97 
2 




100 



99 


134,640 


94 


137,120 


94 





3,606 


3 


3,612 


2 





912 


1 


917 


1 





2,927 


2 


2,932 


2 





1,812 


1 


1,814 


1 



100 



2 


8,409 


6 


8,470 


6 


7 


19,207 


13 


19,380 


13 


46 


66,266 


46 


67,413 


46 


6 


10,221 


7 


10,372 


7 


1 


12,411 


9 


12,446 


9 


2 


6,367 


4 


6,419 


4 


35 


21,017 


15 


21 ,894 


15 



100 



TABLE E-9.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by employment size class 1 



19 



1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 

Job title grouping 2 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 525 3 487 2 361 2 766 2 673 2 

Beltman-belt cleaner-belt repairman 355 2 643 3 331 2 1,281 4 1,682 4 

Blaster 217 1 241 1 184 1 207 1 295 1 

Continuous miner and related 

machine operator 711 4 853 4 379 3 1,668 5 2,156 5 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 136 1 26 15 42 15 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 

operator 1,902 11 2,265 10 1,266 9 1,888 5 1,859 4 

Driller-auger operator 640 4 557 2 362 2 486 1 539 1 

Electrician-wireman-lampman 381 2 773 3 806 5 1,428 4 2,057 5 

Front-end loader operator 1,616 9 1,264 6 555 4 699 2 166 

Grader-scraper operator 268 1 366 2 243 2 653 2 688 2 

Laborer-miner-utility man 1,750 10 2,326 10 1,636 11 5,945 17 8,431 20 

Longwall operator 231 1 486 1 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 2,109 12 2,077 9 909 6 1,629 5 1,948 5 

Maintenance 80 135 1 210 1 510 1 809 2 

Working 232 1 523 2 358 2 1,370 4 2,161 5 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 1,442 8 2,765 12 2,488 17 5,250 15 6,752 16 

Mine technical support 727 4 871 4 674 5 1,715 5 1,832 4 

Office worker 902 5 809 4 581 4 1,251 4 1,210 3 

Plant operator-warehouseman 653 4 1,092 5 855 6 1,344 4 1,248 3 

Roof bolter-rock driller 903 5 1,311 6 565 4 2,036 6 2,312 6 

Scoop tractor operator-motorman 861 5 788 4 392 3 1,130 3 1,418 3 

Shuttle car operator 307 2 687 3 483 3 1,762 5 1,865 4 

Truck driver 1,299 7 1,518 7 1,118 8 1,335 4 1,333 3 

Total 18,016 100 22,377 100 14,773 100 34,628 100 41,935 100 

1 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
2 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



500 + 



Total 



Workers pet Workers pet 



200 1 3,013 2 

928 5 5,221 3 

75 1,218 1 



669 


3 


6,437 


4 








235 





1,400 


7 


10,580 


7 


287 


1 


2,872 


2 


760 


4 


6,205 


4 


25 





4,324 


3 


240 


1 


2,459 


2 


3,178 


16 


23,267 


15 


319 


2 


1,036 


1 


729 


4 


9,400 


6 


507 


3 


2,252 


1 


878 


4 


5,521 


4 


4,540 


23 


23,237 


15 


979 


5 


6,797 


4 


589 


3 


5,342 


4 


702 


4 


5,895 


4 


1,079 


5 


8,206 


5 


689 


3 


5,277 


3 


541 


3 


5,646 


4 


695 


3 


7,297 


5 



20,009 100 151,737 100 



hence, MSHA published injury 



20 



TABLE E-10.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by employment size class 2 



1-1 9 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 

Equipment operated grouping 3 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 593 3 494 2 358 3 682 2 691 2 

Belt , 432 3 646 3 331 2 1,288 4 1,682 4 

Continuous miner and related machinery 699 4 814 4 347 2 1,650 5 2,140 5 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 1,850 11 2,191 10 1,104 8 1,767 5 1,528 4 

Explosives 217 1 241 1 184 1 207 1 295 1 

Front-end loader-forklift 1,925 11 1,343 6 639 5 810 2 492 1 

Grader-scraper 316 2 383 2 281 2 746 2 915 2 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 1,820 11 3,173 15 2,734 19 5,864 18 7,943 20 

Hoist 55 9 7 146 193 

Locomotive-mine car 110 1 259 1 348 2 930 3 1,757 4 

Longwalls and parts 286 1 417 1 

Many equipment 151 1 208 1 174 1 780 2 1,206 3 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 1,057 6 1,522 7 888 6 3,366 10 4,446 11 

Plant equipment 768 4 953 4 649 5 772 2 710 2 

Rock dusting machine-pump 11 19 72 1 309 1 500 1 

Roof bolting machine-underground drill 1,165 7 1,442 7 618 4 2,100 6 2,483 6 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 295 2 459 2 292 2 631 2 456 1 

Scoop 777 5 531 2 228 2 725 2 1,051 3 

Shuttle car 307 2 687 3 487 3 1,799 5 1,882 5 

Surface drill-auger 413 2 418 2 352 2 436 1 353 1 

Truck (haulage) 1,331 8 1,574 7 1,206 8 1,375 4 1,439 4 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 127 1 410 2 234 2 599 2 688 2 

Welding machine-lathe 261 2 503 2 585 4 1,071 3 1,142 3 

None 2,427 14 3,279 15 2,041 14 4,969 15 6,279 15 

Unspecified-not elsewhere classified 8 12 30 70 35 

Total 17,114 100 21,568 100 14,191 100 33,377 100 40,725 100 

1 Excluding job title category office workers. 

2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
3 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



500 + 



Total 



Workers pet Workers pet 



250 
928 
575 

1,301 

75 

174 

240 

4,489 

74 

612 

242 

370 

2,021 
393 
223 

1,059 
75 
541 
541 
175 
695 
436 
947 

2,947 
37 



1 
5 
3 
7 

1 
1 

23 

3 
1 
2 

10 
2 
1 
5 

3 
3 
1 
4 
2 
5 

15 




3,067 
5,308 
6,226 
9,741 
1,218 
5,383 
2,881 

26,023 

484 

4,016 

945 

2,888 

13,300 
4,245 
1,134 
8,868 
2,208 
3,853 
5,703 
2,147 
7,621 
2,494 
4,509 

21,942 
192 



2 
4 
4 
7 
1 
4 
2 

18 

3 
1 
2 
9 
3 
1 
6 
2 
3 
4 
1 
5 
2 
3 

15 




19,420 100 146,395 100 



hence, MSHA published injury 



TABLE E-11.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: work location at mine, by employment size class 1 



1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500 + Total 

Work location 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Underground mine 5,545 31 7,556 34 4,179 28 17,370 50 25,083 60 10,129 51 69,863 46 

Surface at underground mine 907 5 1,107 5 359 2 2,145 6 2,871 7 1,489 7 8,878 6 

Surface mine 7,478 42 8,755 39 7,192 49 11,091 32 10,954 26 6,820 34 52,291 34 

Plant or mill 2,885 16 3,725 17 2,160 15 2,038 6 1,336 3 808 4 12,952 9 

Office 1,200 7 1,233 6 883 6 1,983 6 1,691 4 763 4 7,753 5 

Total 18,016 100 22,377 100 14,773 100 34,628 100 41,935 100 20,009 100 151,737 100 

1 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



21 



TABLE E-12.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, company, and mining, by employment size class 2 



1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500+ Total 
Experience, yr 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

At present job: 

0< to <1 3,799 22 3,579 17 1,626 11 5,929 18 9,063 22 2,214 11 26,230 18 

1< to <2 2,137 12 2,457 11 1,609 11 5,414 16 6,371 16 3,132 16 21,120 14 

2< to £3 1,787 10 2,385 11 914 6 2,720 8 4,252 10 1,766 9 13,824 9 

3< to <5 2,201 13 3,611 17 2,609 18 4,712 14 6,148 15 2,848 15 22,129 15 

5< to <10 3,288 19 4,120 19 3,906 28 7,447 22 9,742 24 6,148 32 34,651 24 

10< to <20 1,813 11 2,087 10 1,481 10 3,499 10 4,178 10 1,334 7 14,392 10 

20< 417 2 279 1 222 2 351 1 405 1 50 1,723 1 

Unspecified 1,672 10 3,050 14 1,824 13 3,305 10 547 1 1,928 10 12,325 8 

Total 17,114 100 21,568 100 14,191 100 33,377 100 40,725 100 19,420 100 146,395 100 

Median yr.... 3 NAp 4 NAp 5 NAp 4 NAp 4 NAp 5 NAp 4 NAp 

At present company: 

0< to <1 3,173 19 3,120 14 696 5 2,197 7 1,306 3 467 2 10,958 7 

1< to <5 5,619 33 9,181 43 3,530 25 7,747 23 7,389 18 2,726 14 36,193 25 

5< to £10 3,630 21 4,286 20 5,283 37 9,836 29 12,685 31 8,323 43 44,044 30 

10<to<15 2,036 12 2,617 12 2,444 17 8,138 24 12,750 31 5,799 30 33,783 23 

15< to <20 730 4 931 4 1,063 7 3,391 10 4,932 12 1,261 6 12,307 8 

20< to <25 174 1 309 1 285 2 772 2 656 2 423 2 2,618 2 

25< to <30 120 1 134 1 232 2 210 1 209 1 198 1 1,102 1 

30< 455 3 344 2 429 3 613 2 768 2 186 1 2,795 2 

Unspecified 1,178 7 646 3 230 2 475 1 30 37 2,595 2 

Total 17,114 100 21,568 100 14,191 100 33,377 100 40,725 100 19,420 100 146,395 100 

Median yr... 5 NAp 5 NAp 8 NAp 9 NAp 10 NAp 9 NAp 8 NAp 

Total mining: 

0<tO<1 1,000 6 619 3 298 2 1,019 3 415 1 80 3,430 2 

1<to<5 3,091 18 2,740 13 1,503 11 4,441 13 3,719 9 1,396 7 16,890 12 

5< to £10 4,348 25 3,969 18 3,857 27 8,320 25 11,473 28 6,947 36 38,914 27 

10<to<15 3,091 18 3,609 17 2,634 19 8,601 26 11,847 29 4,173 21 33,955 23 

15< to <20 1,368 8 1,697 8 1,192 8 3,680 11 5,152 13 1,177 6 14,266 10 

20< to <25 732 4 740 3 485 3 942 3 1,237 3 473 2 4,610 3 

25< to <30 418 2 405 2 253 2 487 1 544 1 149 1 2,257 2 

30< 686 4 642 3 636 4 1,077 3 1,162 3 199 1 4,401 3 

Unspecified 2,380 14 7,148 33 3,333 23 4,810 14 5,175 13 4,826 25 27,673 19 

Total 17,114 100 21,568 100 14,191 100 33,377 100 40,725 100 19,420 100 146,395 100 

Median yr.... 9 NAp 10 NAp 10 NAp 11 NAp 11 NAp 10 NAp 11 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 

statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



22 



TABLE E-13. — Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 training received, by employment size class 2 

1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-49 9 500+ Total 

Job training for last 2 yr, h 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

846 53862 9419483 89 1,961 10 4,324 3 

1-8 1,205 7 668 3 531 4 1,601 5 1,464 4 963 5 6,432 4 

9-15 418 2 368 2 254 2 115 542 1 395 2 2,092 1 

16 5,383 31 6,649 31 6,703 47 13,273 40 10,739 26 4,991 26 47,738 33 

17-40 3,088 18 4,089 19 2,251 16 6,959 21 12,226 30 2,689 14 31,303 21 

41-80 1,219 7 1,994 9 1,294 9 3,213 10 4,946 12 1,550 8 14,216 10 

81-160 792 5 325 2 363 3 929 3 2,444 6 809 4 5,662 4 

161+ 98 1 176 1 134 1 679 2 879 2 707 4 2,673 2 

Unspecified 4,065 24 6,913 32 2,566 18 5,660 17 7,394 18 5,355 28 31,953 22 

Total 17,114 100 21,568 100 14,191 100 33,377 100 40,725 100 19,420 100 146,395 100 

Mean job training h.... 30 NAp 30 NAp 29 NAp 31 NAp 40 NAp 48 NAp 35 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



TABLE E-14.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age distribution, by employment size class 2 



1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500 + 
Age, yr 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

15-20 315 2 253 1 65 82 50 

21-23 796 5 780 4 264 2 639 2 506 1 

24-26 1,332 8 1,586 7 954 7 1,763 5 1,454 4 

27-29 1,803 11 2,305 11 1,384 10 3,280 10 4,142 10 

30-34 2,960 17 4,555 21 2,792 20 6,973 21 9,557 23 

35-39 2,566 15 3,903 18 2,753 19 7,064 21 8,806 22 

40-49 3,563 21 4,659 22 3,380 24 7,744 23 10,267 25 

50+ 2,875 17 3,371 16 2,574 18 5,276 16 5,942 15 

Unspecified 905 5 156 1 24 555 2 

Total 17,114 100 21,568 100 14,191 100 33,377 100 40,725 100 19,420 

Mean age yr.... 38 NAp 38 NAp 39 NAp 39 NAp 39 NAp 40 

NAp Not applicable. 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Total 



Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 








765 


1 


55 





3,040 


2 


790 


4 


7,879 


5 


1,812 


9 


14,725 


10 


4,828 


25 


31,665 


22 


3,461 


18 


28,554 


20 


4,828 


25 


34,441 


24 


3,421 


18 


23,459 


16 


225 


1 


1,866 


1 



100 146,395 100 
NAp 39 NAp 



MSMA published injury 



TABLE E-15.— Coai mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 sex, race, and education, by employment size class 2 



23 



1-19 20-^9 50-99 100-249 250-499 500 + Total 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Sex: 

Male 16,906 99 21,114 98 13,989 99 32,515 97 39,479 97 18,361 95 142,363 97 

Female 175 1 209 1 162 1 824 2 1,216 3 742 4 3,328 2 

Unspecified 32 245 1 41 39 30 317 2 704 

Total 17,114 100 21,568 100 14,191 100 33,377 100 40,725 100 19,420 100 146,395 100 

Race: 

White 16,855 98 20,485 95 13,843 98 31,567 95 37,879 93 16,490 85 137,120 94 

Black 38 115 1 107 1 722 2 1,435 4 1,194 6 3,612 2 

Hispanic 34 19 116 1 419 1 254 1 75 917 1 

Other 289 1 83 1 166 1,107 3 1,287 7 2,932 2 

Unspecified 187 1 660 3 41 502 2 49 374 2 1,814 1 

Total 17,114 100 21,568 100 14,191 100 33,377 100 40,725 100 19,420 100 146,395 100 

Education level: 

Some elementary.... 1,555 9 1,641 8 963 7 1,673 5 1,910 5 727 4 8,470 6 

Some high school ... 3,154 18 3,452 16 1,971 14 3,907 12 5,303 13 1,594 8 19,380 13 

High school diploma 7,622 45 9,654 45 6,164 43 15,875 48 20,462 50 7,636 39 67,413 46 

Vocational diploma.. 1,333 8 1,166 5 1,125 8 1,968 6 3,480 9 1,300 7 10,372 7 

Some college 930 5 962 4 893 6 2,487 7 4,692 12 2,482 13 12,446 9 

College degree 756 4 505 2 636 4 1,467 4 2,213 5 842 4 6,419 4 

Unspecified 1,764 10 4,188 19 2,439 17 6,000 18 2,665 7 4,839 25 21,894 15 

Total 17,114 100 21,568 100 14,191 100 33,377 100 40,725 100 19,420 100 146,395 100 

''Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



24 



TABLE E-16.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by principal equipment operated 1 , number of workers 



Job title grouping 2 



Backhoe 
crane 

dragline 
shovel 



Belt 



Continuous 
miner 
related 

machinery 



Dozer 
heavy 
mobile 
equip- 
ment 



Explo- 
sives 



Front- 
end 
loader 
forklift 



Grader 
Scraper 



Hand- 
tools 
(power- 
ed and 
nonpow- 
ered) 



Loco- 
motive 
mine 
car 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 

Beltman-belt cleaner-belt repairman 

Blaster 

Continuous miner and related machine operator 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 

Driller-auger operator 

Electrician-wireman-lampman 

Front-end loader operator 

Grader-scraper operator 

Laborer-miner-utility man 

Longwall operator 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 

Maintenance , 

Working 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 

Mine technical support 

Office worker 

Plant operator-warehouseman 

Roof bolter-rock driller 

Scoop tractor operator-motorman 

Shuttle car operator 

Truck driver 

Total 4,016 

See explanatory notes at end of table. 



Longwall 
and 
parts 



Miscel- 
Many laneous 

equipment utility 

machine 



Plant Rock 
equip- duster 
ment pump 



Roof 
bolting 
machine 
under- 
ground 
drill 



Scale 
lab 
equip- 
ment 
controls 



945 



2,888 



13,300 4,245 1,134 



8,868 



Hoist 



Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 2,842 0000 00 

Beltman-belt cleaner-belt repairman 5,221 

Blaster 1,218 

Continuous miner and related machine operator 6,140 10 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 00 0000 00 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 107 9,404 365 405 

Driller-auger operator 00 0000 00 

Electrician-wireman-lampman 6,144 

Front-end loader operator 15 4,293 

Grader-scraper operator 2,459 

Laborer-miner-utility man 67 53 64 202 275 10 1,138 108 

Longwall operator 00 0000 00 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 48 22 108 125 4 13 

Maintenance 00 0000 00 

Working 4 40 31 8 00 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 18,725 

Mine technical support 00 90 12 341 

Office worker 00 0000 00 

Plant operator-warehouseman 35 272 3 15 

Roof bolter-rock driller 00 0000 00 

Scoop tractor operator-motorman 00 00 10 08 

Shuttle car operator 00 0000 00 

Truck driver 00 0000 00 

Total 3,067 5,308 6,226 9,741 1,218 5,383 2,881 26,023 484 



Scoop 









11 


161 











































































































82 


153 














9 












































605 








26 






































16 









































1,477 


81 


2,307 


13,057 


175 


1,134 


178 


12 


1,008 





864 




















35 


38 





427 





59 











10 





























35 





144 





31 








2 


25 





























44 











2 





10 


1,942 


4 





























141 











3,809 








253 























8,075 








2,246 























2,771 

























































2,208 3,853 



25 



TABLE E-16.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by principal equipment operated 1 , number of workers— Con. 



Job title grouping 2 



Shuttle 
car 



Surface 

drill 

auger 



Truck 
(haulage) 



Truck 

(utility) 

personnel 

carrier 



Welding 

machine 

lathe 



None 



Unspeci- 
fied 
not else- 
where 
classi- 
fied 



Total 



Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 

Beltman-belt cleaner-belt repairman 

Blaster 

Continuous miner and related machine operator 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 14 

Driller-auger operator 2,088 

Electrician-wireman-lampman 

Front-end loader operator 

Grader-scraper operator 

Laborer-miner-utility man 57 15 

Longwall operator 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 30 

Maintenance 

Working 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 

Mine technical support 

Office worker 

Plant operator-warehouseman 

Roof bolter-rock driller 

Scoop tractor operator-motorman 

Shuttle car operator 5,646 

Truck driver 

Total 5,703 2,147 

1 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

2 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 








276 




32 


16 









7,297 










35 


1,058 


297 

206 

226 

29 

374 

64 

29 



241 






















26 
4,483 














287 



179 




599 

138 

8,205 

2,046 

4,986 



4,051 

5,278 

1,317 

132 

2 







7,621 



2,558 



4,509 



27,220 













161 







10 


22 







192 



3,013 
5,221 
1,218 
6,437 
235 

10,580 
2,872 
6,205 
4,324 
2,459 

23,267 
1,036 

9,400 
2,252 
5,521 
23,237 
6,797 
5,342 
5,895 
8,206 
5,277 
5,646 
7,297 



151,737 



26 



TABLE E-17.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by work location at mine, number of workers 



Job title grouping 1 



Underground 
mine 



Surface at 

underground 

mine 



Surface 
mine 



Plant or 
mill 



Office 



Total 



Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 

Beltman-belt cleaner-belt repairman 4,994 

Blaster 414 

Continuous miner and related machine operator 6,437 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 

Driller-auger operator 605 

Electrician-wireman-lampman 3,488 

Front-end loader operator 

Grader-scraper operator 

Laborer-miner-utility man 16,233 

Longwall operator 1,036 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 4,151 

Maintenance 1,235 

Working 3,928 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 7,068 

Mine technical support 1,611 

Office worker 

Plant operator-warehouseman 77 

Roof bolter-rock driller 8,191 

Scoop tractor operator-motorman 4,748 

Shuttle car operator 5,646 

Truck driver 

Total 69,863 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



41 


2,936 


36 





3,013 


110 


41 


75 





5,221 





804 








1,218 














6,437 


9 


105 


121 





235 


967 


8,967 


646 





10,580 





2,266 








2,872 


695 


1,404 


618 





6,205 


340 


3,245 


738 





4,324 


104 


2,299 


55 





2,459 


1,625 


3,879 


1,529 





23,267 














1,036 


631 


3,262 


1,110 


246 


9,400 


199 


722 


65 


30 


2,252 


126 


1,065 


392 


10 


5,521 


1,730 


12,101 


2,339 





23,237 


1,412 


1,394 


751 


1,629 


6,797 











5,342 


5,342 


558 


1,051 


3,713 


497 


5,895 





15 








8,206 


55 


142 


332 





5,277 














5,646 


275 


6,591 


431 





7,297 



8,878 



52,291 



12,952 



7,753 



151,737 



TABLE E-18.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of experience at job 



27 



, , . ., 1 0< 1< 2< 3< 
Job tltle 9 rou P' n 9 to<1 to<2 to<3 to<5 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 479 244 281 482 

Beltman-belt cleaner-belt repairman 1,237 930 611 940 

Blaster 309 206 112 147 

Continuous miner and related machine 

operator 1,370 1,039 488 947 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 41 49 15 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 

operator 1,627 1,327 891 1,324 

Driller-auger operator 529 327 332 496 

Electrician-wireman-lampman 867 633 559 1,101 

Front-end loader operator ,. 588 509 462 646 

Grader-scraper operator 701 290 227 409 

Laborer-miner-utility man 5,801 3,967 2,111 3,318 

Longwall operator 318 191 166 98 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 1.289 893 893 1,429 

Maintenance 371 323 216 296 

Working 873 886 327 710 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 3,195 3,094 1,818 3,418 

Mine technical support 1,043 1,222 1,025 1,095 

Office worker 770 778 607 1,005 

Plant operator-warehouseman 812 735 409 1,058 

Roof bolter-rock driller 1,545 1,167 781 1,352 

Scoop tractor operator-motorman 1,081 996 624 874 

Shuttle car operator 1,214 898 624 784 

Truck driver 939 1,195 853 1,204 

Total 27,001 21,898 14,431 23,133 

'As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



5< 
to <10 



10< 
to <20 



20 < Unspecified Total 



Median, 

yr 



579 


542 


173 


234 


3,013 


5 


952 


258 


4 


290 


5,221 


3 


247 


133 


8 


57 


1,218 


3 


1,621 


558 


28 


385 


6,437 


4 


70 


23 


7 


30 


235 


3 


2,891 


1,083 


128 


1,309 


10,580 


5 


673 


241 


9 


265 


2,872 


4 


1,636 


912 


71 


426 


6,205 


5 


957 


601 


91 


471 


4,324 


5 


530 


205 





98 


2,459 


3 


3,951 


1,746 


173 


2,198 


23,267 


3 


229 


35 








1,036 


3 


2,341 


1,358 


278 


919 


9,400 


5 


659 


245 


23 


120 


2,252 


5 


1,626 


728 


80 


291 


5,521 


5 


6,729 


2,940 


306 


1,737 


23,237 


5 


1,393 


422 


47 


552 


6,797 


3 


1,255 


405 


92 


430 


5,342 


4 


1,670 


574 


89 


548 


5,895 


5 


1,944 


739 


36 


643 


8,206 


4 


873 


269 


18 


541 


5,277 


3 


1,368 


313 


9 


436 


5,646 


3 


1,712 


470 


148 


777 


7,297 


4 



35,906 14,797 1,815 



12,756 



151,737 



28 



TABLE E-19. — Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of experience at company 



, . .... . , 0< 1< 5< 10< 

Job tltle 9 rou P in g to =5 1 to<5 to<10 to<15 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 178 739 678 813 

Beltman-belt cleaner-belt repairman 463 1,089 1,284 1,746 

Blaster 138 399 435 131 

Continuous miner and related machine 

operator 496 1,190 1,580 2,317 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 37 12 75 24 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 

operator 627 2,719 3,929 1,598 

Driller-auger operator 269 967 982 395 

Electrician-wireman-lampman 349 1,219 1,977 1,445 

Front-end loader operator 349 1,575 1,165 719 

Grader-scraper operator 255 637 805 525 

Laborer-miner-utility man 1,866 6,378 7,066 4,983 

Longwall operator 88 311 498 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 805 2,191 2,409 2,252 

Maintenance 135 416 648 650 

Working 300 918 1,277 1,661 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 1,548 4,641 7,644 5,804 

Mine technical support 581 2,352 1,909 1,165 

Office worker 623 1,842 1,610 610 

Plant operator-warehouseman 367 1,212 2,110 1,041 

Roof bolter-rock driller 830 1,883 2,127 2,452 

Scoop tractor operator-motorman 414 1,328 1,427 1,377 

Shuttle car operator 404 1,197 1,932 1,541 

Truck driver 547 3,043 2,274 647 

Total 11,581 38,035 45,654 34,393 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



15< 
to <20 



20 < 



25 < 



to £25 to <30 



30 < Unspecified Total 



Median, 



212 


160 


57 


93 


82 


3,013 


10 


426 


131 





27 


55 


5,221 


10 


63 


22 


15 


8 


7 


1,218 


7 


637 


103 





51 


63 


6,437 


10 


36 


4 


20 


12 


15 


235 


9 


932 


199 


84 


205 


288 


10,580 


8 


66 


34 


33 


10 


116 


2,872 


6 


676 


145 


78 


249 


67 


6,205 


9 


176 


56 


28 


28 


229 


4,324 


6 


155 


30 


20 


3 


29 


2,459 


8 


1,650 


443 


94 


478 


308 


23,267 


8 


87 


26 


26 








1,036 


11 


838 


202 


83 


307 


314 


9,400 


8 


240 


87 


48 


28 





2,252 


10 


987 


133 


50 


136 


59 


5,521 


11 


2,231 


394 


242 


453 


281 


23,237 


9 


416 


92 


35 


226 


21 


6,797 


6 


279 


38 


46 


83 


211 


5,342 


6 


586 


195 


58 


233 


94 


5,895 


8 


694 


3 





60 


157 


8,206 


8 


452 


39 


37 


86 


116 


5,277 


8 


441 


45 


17 


26 


43 


5,646 


8 


306 


74 


78 


77 


251 


7,297 


5 



12,586 2,656 1,148 2,878 



2,806 



151,737 



TABLE E-20.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of mining experience 



29 



Job title grouping- t °<1 to<5 to^lO to^lS 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 108 338 650 654 

Beltman-belt cleaner-belt repairman 146 554 1,270 1,661 

Blaster 3 177 461 184 

Continuous miner and related machine 

operator 119 293 1,681 2,219 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 37 24 67 6 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 

operator 194 1,075 2,996 1,660 

Driller-auger operator 89 440 1,014 550 

Electrician-wireman-lampman 138 308 1,593 1,717 

Front-end loader operator 125 675 1,142 749 

Grader-scraper operator 166 425 780 441 

Laborer-miner-utility man 677 3,543 6,276 4,957 

Longwall operator 18 299 367 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 93 470 1,885 2,447 

Maintenance 16 64 484 710 

Working 66 316 831 1,524 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 545 2,559 6,583 5,555 

Mine technical support 282 1,384 1,814 1,221 

Office worker 365 1,158 1,511 697 

Plant operator-warehouseman 176 660 1,752 971 

Roof bolter-rock driller 89 767 2,287 2,598 

Scoop tractor operator-motorman 76 557 1,379 1,409 

Shuttle car operator 135 587 1,620 1,578 

Truck driver 150 1,659 2,050 775 

Total 3,795 18,048 40,425 34,652 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



15< 
to <20 



20 < 
to <25 



25 < 
to £30 



30 < Unspecified Total 



Median, 
Yr 



268 


216 


101 


190 


488 


3,013 


12 


479 


76 


89 


136 


811 


5,221 


11 


106 


58 


46 


8 


177 


1,218 


10 


744 


145 


37 


142 


1,055 


6,437 


12 


44 


4 


20 


15 


18 


235 


9 


1,150 


340 


150 


279 


2,736 


10,580 


10 


100 


46 


89 


10 


533 


2,872 


8 


650 


191 


235 


350 


1.021 


6,205 


12 


426 


158 


51 


73 


923 


4,324 


10 


213 


38 


18 


5 


373 


2,459 


9 


1,892 


627 


144 


560 


4,589 


23,267 


10 


61 


117 


17 


35 


122 


1,036 


12 


1,392 


681 


266 


557 


1,611 


9,400 


13 


409 


134 


69 


98 


268 


2,252 


13 


829 


256 


123 


187 


1,390 


5,521 


13 


2,271 


679 


321 


653 


4,071 


23,237 


10 


498 


83 


108 


308 


1,100 


6,797 


8 


229 


87 


55 


104 


1,136 


5,342 


7 


659 


217 


106 


322 


1,033 


5,895 


10 


757 


129 


55 


117 


1,407 


8,206 


11 


586 


127 


33 


160 


950 


5,277 


11 


412 


136 


65 


53 


1,060 


5,646 


10 


320 


153 


113 


143 


1,936 


7,297 


7 


14,495 


4,697 


2,312 


4,505 


28,808 


151,737 


10 



30 



TABLE E-21.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by hours of training received in last 2 yr 

Job title grouping 1 1-8 9-15 16 17-40 41-80 81-160 161+ Unspecified Total Mean, h 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 185 87 31 1,301 389 

Beltman-belt cleaner-belt repairman 92 381 50 1,668 1,663 

Blaster 53 337 394 

Continuous miner and related machine 

operator 120 370 167 2,469 1,703 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 25 112 20 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 

operator 662 370 111 4,084 1,324 

Driller-auger operator 105 146 27 1,063 558 

Electrician-wireman-lampman 159 139 68 1,261 1,351 

Front-end loader operator 107 150 71 2,038 621 

Grader-scraper operator 75 113 22 1,124 442 

Laborer-miner-utility man 609 1,257 270 8,218 5,039 

Longwall operator 27 484 125 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 213 158 130 2,030 2,469 

Maintenance 59 60 104 211 501 

Working 97 91 191 952 1,130 

Mechanic-welder-oiler- machinist 676 825 268 7,267 5,036 

Mine technical support 459 386 77 1,763 1,158 

Office worker 951 424 74 707 573 

Plant operator-warehouseman 267 447 122 1,946 927 

Roof bolter-rock driller 101 410 69 2,983 2,334 

Scoop tractor operator-motorman 148 446 113 1,922 1,110 

Shuttle car operator 64 234 87 1,937 1,674 

Truck driver 125 257 114 2,568 1,336 

Total 5,275 6,857 2,166 48,445 31,876 14,577 5,966 2,783 33,791 151,737 35 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



278 


113 


141 


489 


3,013 


40 


420 


130 


15 


801 


5,221 


27 


180 


29 





225 


1,218 


31 


245 


145 


32 


1,187 


6,437 


25 


31 


12 





35 


235 


26 


634 


230 


68 


3,097 


10,580 


26 


192 


60 


28 


693 


2,872 


27 


1,353 


263 


214 


1,397 


6,205 


51 


293 


102 


12 


930 


4,324 


26 


164 


81 


28 


410 


2,459 


29 


1,412 


1,028 


327 


5,107 


23,267 


30 


104 


36 


35 


226 


1,036 


39 


1,353 


626 


263 


2,158 


9,400 


44 


521 


360 


76 


360 


2,252 


59 


1,068 


723 


364 


906 


5,521 


63 


3,200 


546 


489 


4,931 


23,237 


40 


841 


365 


122 


1,627 


6,797 


37 


361 


304 


110 


1,838 


5,342 


33 


421 


116 


242 


1,406 


5,895 


46 


554 


197 


34 


1,525 


8,206 


27 


179 


110 


27 


1,221 


5,277 


23 


302 


92 


25 


1,231 


5,646 


28 


474 


300 


133 


1,991 


7,297 


33 



TABLE E-22.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of age 



31 



Job title grouping 1 15-20 21-23 24-26 27-29 30-34 35-39 40-49 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 4 30 142 162 490 440 878 

Beltman-belt cleaner-belt repairman 72 121 329 580 933 954 1,274 

Blaster 78 101 156 255 188 259 

Continuous miner and related machine 

operator 46 334 731 1,828 1,188 1,558 

Deckhand-barge and dredge 

operator 12 24 44 3 68 

Dozer-heavy and mobile 

equipment operator 20 66 478 811 2,129 2,058 2,733 

Driller-auger operator 19 104 217 424 653 470 531 

Electrician-wireman-lampman 5 12 85 374 1,409 1,556 1,667 

Front-end loader operator 51 130 309 430 788 749 1,117 

Grader-scraper operator 22 53 149 291 577 557 495 

Laborer-miner-utility man 273 931 1,506 3,080 5,280 4,146 4,526 

Longwall operator 53 205 219 223 167 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 20 128 589 1,462 2,178 3,075 

Maintenance 46 387 519 829 

Working 11 7 47 242 1,111 1,531 1,850 

Mechanic-welder-oiler- machinist 41 400 1,039 2,089 5,193 4,513 5,648 

Mine technical support 71 190 502 690 1,508 1,383 995 

Office worker 83 236 447 388 953 1,126 1,118 

Plant operator-warehouseman 21 60 274 451 1,159 1,069 1,510 

Roof bolter-rock driller 31 226 601 925 2,156 2,088 1,283 

Scoop tractor operator-motorman 163 409 700 1,211 861 1,047 

Shuttle car operator 70 141 435 766 1,626 784 1,222 

Truck driver 54 249 741 959 1,247 1,097 1,708 

Total 848 3,276 8,326 15,113 32,618 29,680 35,559 

'As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



50+ Unspecified Total Mean, yr 



792 


75 


3,013 


43 


891 


65 


5,221 


39 


143 


39 


1,218 


36 


705 


46 


6,437 


37 


71 


12 


235 


44 


2,063 


223 


10,580 


40 


398 


54 


2,872 


37 


1,058 


38 


6,205 


40 


709 


40 


4,324 


38 


314 


2 


2,459 


37 


3,321 


205 


23,267 


37 


170 





1,036 


38 


1,766 


183 


9,400 


41 


462 


10 


2,252 


42 


721 





5,521 


40 


4,069 


245 


23,237 


39 


1,339 


119 


6,797 


38 


909 


83 


5,342 


38 


1,242 


109 


5,895 


41 


827 


70 


8,206 


36 


785 


101 


5,277 


37 


601 





5,646 


36 


1,011 


232 


7,297 


37 



24,367 



1,949 



151,737 



39 



32 



TABLE E-23.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by sex 



Male 

Job title grouping 1 

Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 2,922 2 

Beltman-belt cleaner-belt repairman 4,955 3 

Blaster 1,191 1 

Continuous miner and related machine operator 6,364 4 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 235 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 10,408 7 

Driller-auger operator 2,824 2 

Electrician-wireman-lampman 6,178 4 

Front-end loader operator 4,302 3 

Grader-scraper operator 2,429 2 

Laborer-miner-utility man 22,245 15 

Longwall operator 1,027 1 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 9,227 6 

Maintenance 2,252 2 

Working 5,431 4 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 23,024 16 

Mine technical support 6,168 4 

Office worker 2,497 2 

Plant operator-warehouseman 5,470 4 

Roof bolter-rock driller 8,097 6 

Scoop tractor operator-motorman 5,149 4 

Shuttle car operator 5,522 4 

Truck driver 6,941 5 

Total 144,859 100 

^As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Female 




Unspecifiec 


I 


Total 




Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


40 


1 


51 


7 


3,013 


2 


228 


4 


37 


5 


5,221 


3 


20 





8 


1 


1,218 


1 


73 


1 








6,437 


4 














235 





23 





149 


20 


10,580 


7 


40 


1 


8 


1 


2,872 


2 


19 





8 


1 


6,205 


4 


12 





9 


1 


4,324 


3 


23 





7 


1 


2,459 


2 


962 


16 


60 


8 


23,267 


15 


9 











1,036 


1 


102 


2 


72 


9 


9,400 


6 














2,252 


1 


47 


1 


43 


6 


5,521 


4 


113 


2 


101 


13 


23,237 


15 


622 


10 


8 


1 


6,797 


4 


2,792 


46 


54 


7 


5,342 


4 


367 


6 


58 


8 


5,895 


4 


110 


2 








8,206 


5 


127 


2 








5,277 


3 


123 


2 








5,646 


4 


269 


4 


88 


12 


7,297 


5 



6,119 



100 



758 



100 



151,737 



100 



TABLE E-24.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by race 



33 



White Black 
Job title grouping 1 

Workers pet Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 

operator 2,804 2 15 

Beltman-belt cleaner-belt repairman 4,903 3 222 6 

Blaster 1,054 1 

Continuous miner and related 

machine operator 6,102 4 308 8 

Deckhand-barge and dredge 

operator 235 

Dozer-heavy and mobile 

equipment operator 9,731 7 183 5 

Driller-auger operator 2,599 2 48 1 

Electrician-wireman-lampman 5,857 4 172 5 

Front-end loader operator 4,167 3 18 

Grader-scraper operator 2,197 2 60 2 

Laborer-miner-utility man 21,554 15 1,122 30 

Longwall operator 1,018 1 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 9,045 6 87 2 

Maintenance 2,208 2 

Working 5,230 4 117 3 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 21,699 15 261 7 

Mine technical support 6,375 4 133 4 

Office worker 5,086 4 86 2 

Plant operator-warehouseman 5,551 4 73 2 

Roof bolter-rock driller 7,811 5 298 8 

Scoop tractor operator-motorman 5,089 4 178 5 

Shuttle car operator 5,410 4 228 6 

Truck driver 6,483 5 90 2 

Total 142,206 100 3,699 100 

'As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Hispanic 




Other 




Unspecified 
Workers pet 


Total 




Workers | 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


23 


2 


85 


3 


86 


4 


3,013 


2 


45 


5 


15 





37 


2 


5,221 


3 


3 





94 


3 


67 


4 


1,218 


1 



17 



6,437 



235 



52 


6 


273 


9 


342 


18 


10,580 


7 


23 


2 


120 


4 


82 


4 


2,872 


2 


39 


4 


129 


4 


8 





6,205 


4 


68 


7 








72 


4 


4,324 


3 


15 


2 


166 


6 


19 


1 


2,459 


2 


96 


10 


344 


12 


151 


8 


23,267 


15 


18 


2 














1,036 


1 


14 


1 


83 


3 


172 


9 


9,400 


6 


29 


3 


8 





8 





2,252 


1 


59 


6 


73 


2 


43 


2 


5,521 


4 


181 


19 


859 


29 


237 


12 


23,237 


15 


33 


3 


167 


6 


90 


5 


6,797 


4 


23 


2 


49 


2 


97 


5 


5,342 


4 


59 


6 


109 


4 


103 


5 


5,895 


4 


27 


3 


70 


2 








8,206 


5 


9 


1 














5,277 


3 


9 


1 














5,646 


4 


101 


11 


336 


11 


288 


15 


7,297 


5 



941 



100 



2,981 



100 1,910 100 151,737 100 



34 



TABLE E-25.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by education 



Some Some high High school Vocational Some College UnsDecified Total 

Job title grouping 1 elementary school diploma diploma college degree ™ "'^ 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline shovel 

operator 112 4 423 14 1,634 54 156 5 261 9 35 1 392 13 3,013 100 

Beltman-belt cleaner-belt 

repairman 529 10 1,020 20 2,227 43 366 7 217 4 74 1 787 15 5,221 100 

Blaster 157 13 205 17 499 41 90 7 114 9 38 3 115 9 1,218 100 

Continuous miner and 

related machine operator 617 10 1,336 21 2,863 44 257 4 350 5 39 1 975 15 6,437 100 

Deckhand-barge and 

dredge operator 33 14 24 10 110 47 40 17 12 5 15 7 235 100 

Dozer-heavy and mobile 

equipment operator 525 5 1,615 15 5,118 48 460 4 553 5 162 2 2,147 20 10,580 100 

Driller-auger operator 285 10 333 12 1,417 49 208 7 134 5 110 4 385 13 2,872 100 

Electrician-wireman-lampman 312 5 728 12 2,250 36 967 16 705 11 191 3 1,052 17 6,205 100 

Front-end loader operator 282 7 701 16 2,397 55 222 5 177 4 56 1 489 11 4,324 100 

Grader-scraper operator 84 3 232 9 1,582 64 87 4 217 9 24 1 232 9 2,459 100 

Laborer-miner-utility man 1,512 6 3,163 14 10,861 47 1,312 6 1,899 8 601 3 3,919 17 23,267 100 

Longwall operator 124 12 213 21 407 39 106 10 81 8 106 10 1,036 100 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 300 3 964 10 4,108 44 601 6 1,198 13 1,181 13 1,047 11 9,400 100 

Maintenance 33 1 243 11 999 44 270 12 415 18 170 8 121 5 2,252 100 

Working 101 2 492 9 2,733 50 298 5 693 13 634 11 570 10 5,521 100 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 1,055 5 2,414 10 10,377 45 2,622 11 2,280 10 578 2 3,912 17 23,237 100 

Mine technical support 205 3 505 7 1,941 29 482 7 1,015 15 1,937 28 712 10 6,797 100 

Office worker 39 1 92 2 1,842 34 247 5 1,082 20 1,487 28 553 10 5,342 100 

Plant operator-warehouseman 292 5 634 11 2,886 49 318 5 654 11 269 5 842 14 5,895 100 

Roof bolter-rock driller 653 8 1,493 18 4,045 49 460 6 342 4 69 1 1,143 14 8,206 100 

Scoop tractor operator-motorman 580 11 791 15 2,255 43 313 6 303 6 87 2 947 18 5,277 100 

Shuttle car operator 431 8 879 16 2,977 53 178 3 355 6 52 1 774 14 5,646 100 

Truck driver 249 3 970 13 3,726 51 557 8 470 6 111 2 1,213 17 7,297 100 

Total 8,509 6 19,472 13 69,255 46 10,619 7 13,529 9 7,906 5 22,447 15 151,737 100 

'As defined by MSHA: see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



35 



TABLE E-26.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by years of experience at job 



Equipment operated grouping 2 tQ ^ 1 {o < 2 tQ < 3 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 453 267 291 

Belt 1,290 930 611 

Continuous miner and related machinery 1,324 1,012 420 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 1,516 1,296 821 

Explosives 309 206 112 

Front-end loader-forklift 711 601 542 

Grader-scraper 775 380 235 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 3,764 3,498 2,234 

Hoist 24 152 35 

Locomotive-mine car 594 780 408 

Longwalls and parts 290 219 166 

Many equipment 259 448 193 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 3,847 2,463 1,231 

Plant equipment 733 555 280 

Rock dusting machine-pump 300 156 112 

Roof bolting machine-underground drill 1,693 1,230 820 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 361 357 212 

Scoop 1,166 512 435 

Shuttle car 1,223 898 659 

Surface drill-auger 375 232 235 

Truck (haulage) 1,033 1,220 914 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 304 399 424 

Welding machine-lathe 449 461 232 

None 3,406 2,830 2,192 

Unspecified-not elsewhere classified 30 17 11 

Total 26,230 21,120 13,824 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



3< 
to <5 



5< 
to <10 



10< 
to <20 



20 < Unspecified Total Median, yr 



458 


576 


612 


173 


238 


3,067 


5 


940 


972 


270 


4 


293 


5,308 


3 


896 


1,626 


551 


28 


367 


6,226 


4 


1,135 


2,657 


974 


146 


1,195 


9,741 


5 


147 


247 


133 


8 


57 


1,218 


3 


887 


1,299 


718 


100 


524 


5,383 


5 


480 


648 


244 





120 


2,881 


3 


4,261 


6,982 


3,167 


317 


1,801 


26,023 


5 


70 


46 


157 








484 


4 


638 


1,071 


205 


9 


311 


4,016 


4 


63 


163 


44 








945 


2 


234 


431 


591 


99 


634 


2,888 


5 


1,808 


1,992 


616 


50 


1,293 


13,300 


2 


648 


1,112 


411 


84 


421 


4,245 


4 


228 


297 


37 





4 


1,134 


3 


1,566 


2,055 


802 


36 


665 


8,868 


4 


375 


480 


116 


19 


288 


2,208 


4 


766 


489 


250 


9 


225 


3,853 


3 


784 


1,377 


316 


9 


436 


5,703 


3 


323 


558 


202 


9 


212 


2,147 


5 


1,243 


1,758 


487 


148 


819 


7,621 


4 


214 


599 


275 


92 


187 


2,494 


4 


497 


1,553 


799 


85 


434 


4,509 


7 


3,468 


5,652 


2,308 


288 


1,799 


21,942 


5 





12 


107 


12 


3 


192 


11 


!2,129 


34,651 


14,392 


1,723 


12,325 


146,395 


4 



36 



TABLE E-27. — Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by hours of training received in last 2 yr 



Equipment operated grouping 2 1-8 9-15 16 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 185 87 31 1,365 

Belt 92 403 50 1,700 

Continuous miner and related machinery 120 339 157 2,330 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 647 379 14 3,809 

Explosives 53 337 

Front-end loader-forklift 152 187 160 2,256 

Grader-scraper 75 113 22 1,258 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 727 671 376 7,277 

Hoist 4 55 236 

Locomotive-mine car 96 343 119 1,570 

Longwalls and parts 27 430 

Many equipment 21 305 17 511 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 330 691 110 4,872 

Plant equipment 165 333 89 1,511 

Rock dusting machine-pump 74 45 420 

Roof bolting machine-underground drill 101 483 69 3,135 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 143 103 18 839 

Scoop 92 210 59 1,394 

Shuttle car 64 234 87 1,940 

Surface drill-auger 68 79 27 825 

Truck (haulage) 125 264 132 2,676 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 149 60 69 779 

Welding machine-lathe 211 333 27 1,533 

None 645 629 459 4,663 

Unspecified-not elsewhere classified 37 7 72 

Total 4,324 6,432 2,092 47,738 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



17-40 41-80 81-160 161+ Unspecified Total Mean, h 



388 


270 


105 


72 


564 


3,067 


33 


1,698 


420 


130 


15 


801 


5,308 


27 


1,693 


254 


154 


32 


1,147 


6,226 


26 


1,284 


573 


242 


68 


2,725 


9,741 


26 


394 


180 


29 





225 


1,218 


31 


966 


328 


132 


77 


1,126 


5,383 


30 


456 


218 


81 


28 


629 


2,881 


29 


6,097 


4,171 


804 


689 


5,212 


26,023 


44 


123 


31 








35 


484 


22 


850 


154 


105 


61 


718 


4,016 


27 


180 


104 


36 


35 


134 


945 


39 


410 


261 


124 


160 


1,080 


2,888 


43 


2,783 


589 


669 


197 


3,058 


13,300 


31 


575 


318 


46 


131 


1,077 


4,245 


45 


290 


133 


11 


15 


146 


1,134 


27 


2,622 


601 


250 


34 


1,573 


8,868 


27 


320 


141 


41 


8 


595 


2,208 


24 


826 


252 


216 


27 


776 


3,853 


30 


1,718 


302 


92 


25 


1,240 


5,703 


28 


323 


199 


39 


28 


560 


2,147 


29 


1,378 


518 


307 


133 


2,087 


7,621 


33 


573 


241 


181 


25 


417 


2,494 


35 


586 


433 


22 


14 


1,349 


4,509 


25 


4,751 


3,496 


1,849 


801 


4,650 


21,942 


49 


18 


29 








28 


192 


22 



31,303 14,216 5,662 2,673 



31,953 



146,395 



35 



TABLE E-28.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by years of age 



37 



Equipment operated grouping 2 15-20 21-23 24-26 27-29 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 4 27 111 156 

Belt 93 131 339 593 

Continuous miner and related machinery 37 323 721 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 20 51 441 807 

Explosives 78 101 156 

Front-end loader-forklift 62 161 368 476 

Grader-scraper 22 53 179 329 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 58 446 1,107 2,227 

Hoist 8 

Locomotive-mine car 8 36 382 

Longwalis and parts 62 205 

Many equipment 53 111 334 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 154 648 1,033 1,742 

Plant equipment 20 75 149 330 

Rock dusting machine-pump 15 27 178 

Roof bolting machine-underground drill 31 261 654 1,057 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 31 72 268 289 

Scoop 9 135 430 743 

Shuttle car 70 141 435 793 

Surface drill-auger 19 60 179 273 

Truck (haulage) 54 265 759 968 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 44 111 114 206 

Welding machine-lathe 2 44 135 402 

None 51 161 512 1,347 

Unspecified-not elsewhere classified 20 7 13 

Total 765 3,040 7,879 14,725 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



30-34 35-39 40-49 50+ Unspecified Total Mean, yr 



457 


479 


941 


819 


75 


3,067 


43 


954 


967 


1,274 


891 


65 


5,308 


39 


1,759 


1,144 


1,488 


710 


46 


6,226 


37 


1,885 


1,938 


2,402 


2,001 


197 


9,741 


40 


255 


188 


259 


143 


39 


1,218 


36 


1,040 


988 


1,439 


790 


59 


5,383 


38 


668 


625 


616 


380 


9 


2,881 


37 


5,753 


5,463 


6,271 


4,433 


264 


26,023 


39 


51 


71 


68 


277 


8 


484 


48 


778 


868 


854 


1,060 


31 


4,016 


41 


197 


206 


177 


98 





945 


36 


609 


491 


780 


511 





2,888 


40 


3,182 


2,385 


2,489 


1,495 


172 


13,300 


36 


800 


710 


1,140 


911 


108 


4,245 


41 


284 


231 


298 


100 


2 


1,134 


37 


2,281 


2,194 


1,417 


868 


105 


8,868 


36 


491 


396 


304 


287 


70 


2,208 


36 


994 


565 


625 


281 


70 


3,853 


35 


1,639 


793 


1,231 


601 





5,703 


36 


519 


334 


422 


322 


19 


2,147 


37 


1,316 


1,147 


1,794 


1,083 


235 


7,621 


37 


461 


425 


611 


503 


19 


2,494 


40 


1,052 


774 


1,260 


821 


19 


4,509 


40 


4,221 


5,171 


6,270 


3,956 


254 


21 ,942 


41 


20 


3 


12 


117 





192 


46 



31,665 28,554 34,441 23,459 



1,866 



146,395 



39 



38 



TABLE E-29.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by sex 



Male 

Equipment operated grouping 2 

Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 2,992 2 

Belt 5,043 4 

Continuous miner and related machinery 6,153 4 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 9,581 7 

Explosives 1,191 1 

Front-end loader-forklift 5,289 4 

Grader-scraper 2,843 2 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 25,718 18 

Hoist 480 

Locomotive-mine car 3,935 3 

Longwalls and parts 936 1 

Many equipment 2,739 2 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 12,665 9 

Plant equipment 4,133 3 

Rock dusting machine-pump 1,117 1 

Root bolting machine-underground drill 8,741 6 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 1,863 1 

Scoop 3,707 3 

Shuttle car 5,580 4 

Surface drill-auger 2,117 1 

Truck (haulage) 7,256 5 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 2,399 2 

Welding machine-lathe 4,501 3 

None 21,191 15 

Unspecified-not elsewhere classified 192 

Total 142,363 100 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Female 




Unspecified 




Total 




Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


25 


1 


51 


7 


3,067 


2 


228 


7 


37 


5 


5,308 


4 


73 


2 








6,226 


4 


19 


1 


141 


20 


9,741 


7 


20 


1 


8 


1 


1,218 


1 


85 


3 


9 


1 


5,383 


4 


30 


1 


7 


1 


2,881 


2 


205 


6 


101 


14 


26,023 


18 


4 











484 





81 


2 








4,016 


3 


9 











945 


1 


141 


4 


8 


1 


2,888 


2 


582 


17 


52 


7 


13,300 


9 


79 


2 


33 


5 


4,245 


3 


17 


1 








1,134 


1 


127 


4 








8,868 


6 


345 


10 








2,208 


2 


145 


4 








3,853 


3 


123 


4 








5,703 


4 


22 


1 


8 


1 


2,147 


1 


269 


8 


96 


14 


7,621 


5 


92 


3 


4 





2,494 


2 








8 


1 


4,509 


3 


607 


18 


144 


20 


21,942 


15 














192 






3,328 



100 



704 



100 



146,395 



100 



TABLE E-30.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by race 



39 



White Black 

Equipment operated grouping 2 

Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 2,866 2 

Belt 4,990 4 

Continuous miner and related machinery 5,928 4 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 8,907 6 

Explosives 1,054 1 

Front-end loader-forklift 5,176 4 

Grader-scraper 2,601 2 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 24,513 18 

Hoist 465 

Locomotive-mine car 3,697 3 

Longwalls and parts 918 1 

Many equipment 2,742 2 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 12,313 9 

Plant equipment 4,064 3 

Rock dusting machine-pump 1,076 1 

Roof bolting machine-underground drill 8,455 6 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 2,009 1 

Scoop 3,699 3 

Shuttle car 5,467 4 

Surface drill-auger 1,922 1 

Truck (haulage) 6,795 5 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 2,249 2 

Welding machine-lathe 4,044 3 

None 20,994 15 

Unspecified-not elsewhere classified 178 

Total 137,120 100 3,612 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown 



Hispanic 



Other 



Unspecified 



Total 



Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


15 





15 


2 


85 


3 


86 


5 


3,067 


2 


222 


6 


45 


5 


15 


1 


37 


2 


5,308 


4 


271 


8 


17 


2 








9 


1 


6,226 


4 


166 


5 


52 


6 


267 


9 


350 


19 


9,741 


7 








3 





94 


3 


67 


4 


1,218 


1 


52 


1 


68 


7 








88 


5 


5,383 


4 


76 


2 


15 


2 


169 


6 


19 


1 


2,881 


2 


477 


13 


199 


22 


613 


21 


222 


12 


26,023 


18 


19 


1 




















484 





282 


8 














37 


2 


4,016 


3 








27 


3 














945 


1 


129 


4 


15 


2 








3 





2,888 


2 


581 


16 


51 


6 


299 


10 


56 


3 


13,300 


9 


33 


1 


51 


6 


30 


1 


68 


4 


4,245 


3 


58 


2 




















1,134 


1 


316 


9 


27 


3 


70 


2 








8,868 


6 


18 


1 


3 





107 


4 


70 


4 


2,208 


2 


110 


3 


26 


3 








18 


1 


3,853 


3 


228 


6 


9 


1 














5,703 


4 


15 





23 


2 


105 


4 


82 


5 


2,147 


1 


90 


3 


101 


11 


339 


12 


295 


16 


7,621 


5 


38 


1 


17 


2 


150 


5 


40 


2 


2,494 


2 


11 





30 


3 


401 


14 


23 


1 


4,509 


3 


394 


11 


123 


13 


187 


6 


244 


13 


21 ,942 


15 


14 























192 






100 



917 



100 



2,932 



100 



1,814 



100 146,395 100 



40 



TABLE E-31.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by education 

Some Some high High school Vocational Some College .. .... _. . 

Equipment operated grouping 2 elementary school diploma diploma college degree nSpe °' ' 6 ° a 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 112 4 420 14 1,641 53 163 5 242 8 27 1 463 15 3,067 100 

Belt 529 10 1,030 19 2,271 43 400 8 217 4 74 1 787 15 5,308 100 

Continuous miner and related 

machinery 623 10 1,238 20 2,793 45 247 4 345 6 39 1 941 15 6,226 100 

Dozer-heavy and mobile 

equipment 459 5 1,594 16 4,572 47 438 4 583 6 157 2 1,940 20 9,741 100 

Explosives 157 13 205 17 499 41 90 7 114 9 38 3 115 9 1,218 100 

Front-end loader-forklift 323 6 828 15 2,994 56 276 5 296 5 103 2 563 10 5,383 100 

Grader-scraper 104 4 265 9 1,833 64 128 4 234 8 24 1 292 10 2,881 100 

Handtools (powered and 

nonpowered) 1,272 5 3,064 12 11,186 43 2,856 11 2,689 10 631 2 4,324 17 26,023 100 

Hoist 19 4 110 23 244 50 37 8 17 4 56 12 484 100 

Locomotive-mine car 353 9 576 14 1,784 44 225 6 300 7 52 1 726 18 4,016 100 

Longwalls and parts 96 10 162 17 398 42 124 13 61 6 106 11 945 100 

Many equipment 49 2 250 9 1,232 43 172 6 340 12 255 9 590 20 2,888 100 

Miscellaneous utility 

equipment 787 6 1,700 13 6,187 47 719 5 987 7 339 3 2,581 19 13,300 100 

Plant equipment 295 7 510 12 2,067 49 212 5 305 7 115 3 740 17 4,245 100 

Rock dusting machine-pump 72 6 163 14 651 57 59 5 51 4 9 1 129 11 1,134 100 

Roof bolting machine- 
underground drill 850 10 1,596 18 4,290 48 520 6 327 4 118 1 1,166 13 8,868 100 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 49 2 129 6 807 37 154 7 424 19 370 17 275 12 2,208 100 

Scoop 385 10 583 15 1,765 46 280 7 309 8 118 3 414 11 3,853 100 

Shuttle car 434 8 897 16 3,013 53 178 3 355 6 52 1 774 14 5,703 100 

Surface drill-auger 143 7 204 9 1,146 53 156 7 105 5 61 3 332 15 2,147 100 

Truck (haulage) 273 4 1,032 14 3,863 51 572 8 470 6 123 2 1,287 17 7,621 100 

Truck (utility)-personnel 

carrier 147 6 315 13 1,118 45 152 6 292 12 208 8 260 10 2,494 100 

Welding machine-lathe 223 5 335 7 1,809 40 799 18 337 7 120 3 885 20 4,509 100 

None 666 3 2,148 10 9,212 42 1,413 6 3,027 14 3,386 15 2,091 10 21,942 100 

Unspecified-not elsewhere 

classified 50 26 25 13 40 21 20 10 57 30 192 100 

Total 8,470 6 19,380 13 67,413 46 10,372 7 12,446 9 6,419 4 21,894 15 146,395 100 

''Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



TABLE E-32.— Coal mining 1986 work force estimates: job, company, and mining experience, by work location 



41 



Surfscs sX 

Underground mine . . Surface mine Plant or mill Office Total 

Experience, yr underground mine 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
At present job: 

0< to <1 14,627 21 1,428 16 8,153 16 1,624 13 1,170 15 27,001 18 

1< to <2 11,126 16 1,600 18 6,424 12 1,668 13 1,080 14 21,898 14 

2< to <3 6,648 10 719 8 5,119 10 1,129 9 816 11 14,431 10 

3< to <5 10,693 15 1,377 16 7,414 14 2,171 17 1,478 19 23,133 15 

5<to<10 15,380 22 1,892 21 13,488 26 3,290 25 1,855 24 35,906 24 

10< to <20 5,937 8 1,097 12 5,593 11 1,624 13 545 7 14,797 10 

20< 326 81 1 1,046 2 235 2 128 2 1,815 1 

Unspecified 5,126 7 684 8 5,053 10 1,211 9 682 9 12,756 8 

Total 69,863 100 8,878 100 52,291 100 12,952 100 7,753 100 151,737 100 

Median yr.... 3 NAp 4 NAp 5 NAp 5 NAp 4 NAp 4 NAp 

At present company: 

0< to <1 5,259 8 696 8 3,836 7 869 7 920 12 11,581 8 

1< to <5 15,386 22 1,717 19 15,063 29 3,174 25 2,695 35 38,035 25 

5< to <10 19,330 28 2,075 23 17,750 34 4,043 31 2,457 32 45,654 30 

10< to <15 20,513 29 1,988 22 8,763 17 2,265 17 864 11 34,393 23 

15< to <20 6,596 9 1,558 18 2,820 5 1,292 10 318 4 12,586 8 

20< to <25 999 1 154 2 1,070 2 393 3 39 1 2,656 2 

25< to <30 257 67 1 622 1 124 1 78 1 1,148 1 

30< 778 1 569 6 808 2 616 5 108 1 2,878 2 

Unspecified 746 1 53 1 1,559 3 175 1 274 4 2,806 2 

Total 69,863 100 8,878 100 52,291 100 12,952 100 7,753 100 151,737 100 

Median yr.... 9 NAp 10 NAp 7 NAp 8 NAp 6 NAp 8 NAp 

Total mining: 

0< to s1 912 1 366 4 1,583 3 442 3 493 6 3,795 3 

1< to <5 6,055 9 989 11 7,841 15 1,527 12 1,637 21 18,048 12 

5< to <10 17,319 25 1,544 17 15,826 30 3,426 26 2,309 30 40,425 27 

10<to<15 20,933 30 1,716 19 8,666 17 2,320 18 1,018 13 34,652 23 

15< to <20 7,674 11 1,414 16 3,517 7 1,569 12 321 4 14,495 10 

20< to <25 1,978 3 345 4 1,714 3 573 4 87 1 4,697 3 

25< to s30 845 1 189 2 893 2 287 2 98 1 2,312 2 

30< 1,693 2 669 8 1,240 2 752 6 151 2 4,505 3 

Unspecified 12,454 18 1,647 19 11,012 21 2,055 16 1,640 21 28,808 19 

Total 69,863 100 8,878 100 52,291 100 12,952 100 7,753 100 151,737 100 

Median yr.... 11 NAp 12 NAp 9 NAp 11 NAp 7 NAp 10 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



42 



TABLE E-33. — Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: training received, by work location 



... . Surface at 

Underground mine . . 

Job training tor last 2 yr, h underground mine 

Workers pet Workers pet 

1,225 2 285 3 

1-8 3,206 5 463 5 

9-15 998 1 194 2 

16 20,728 30 2,657 30 

17-40 18,781 27 2,270 26 

41-80 7,180 10 997 11 

81-160 3,434 5 234 3 

161+ 1,170 2 36 

Unspecified 13,141 19 1,743 20 

Total 69,863 100 8,878 100 

Mean training h.... 36 NAp 30 NAp 

NAp Not applicable 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Surface mine 



Plant or mill 



Office 



Total 



Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 



1,997 

1,826 

538 

18,383 
7,919 
4,868 
1,567 
1,224 

13,969 



4 

3 

1 

35 

15 

9 

3 

2 

27 



520 

817 

314 

5,388 

2,086 

912 

321 

217 

2,377 



4 

6 

2 

42 

16 

7 

2 

2 

18 



1,248 
545 
123 

1,290 
821 
620 
409 
136 

2,561 



16 
7 
2 

17 

11 
8 
5 
2 

33 



5,275 

6,857 

2,166 

48,445 

31 ,876 

14,577 

5,966 

2,783 

33,791 



52,291 
37 



100 
NAp 



12,952 
32 



100 
NAp 



7,753 
32 



100 
NAp 



151,737 
35 



3 

5 

1 

32 

21 

10 

4 

2 

22 



100 
NAp. 



TABLE E-34.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates age distribution, by work location 



... . Surface at 

Underground mine . . _. 

A qe yr 3 underground mine 

Workers pet Workers pet 

15-20 293 70 1 

21-23 1,287 2 226 3 

24-26 3,744 5 313 4 

27-29 7,894 11 450 5 

30-34 17,443 25 1,160 13 

35-39 14,745 21 1,679 19 

40-49 15,477 22 2,384 27 

50+ 8,541 12 2,550 29 

Unspecified 441 1 47 1 

Total 69,863 100 8,878 100 

Mean age yr.... 38 NAp 43 NAp 

NAp Not applicable 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Surface mine 



Plant or mill 



Office 



Total 



Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 



296 
1,209 
3,192 
4,947 

10,119 
9,404 

12,850 
9,223 
1,051 



1 

2 

6 

9 

19 

18 

25 

18 

2 



54 

261 

462 

1,228 

2,378 

2,229 

3,337 

2,761 

241 





2 

4 

9 

18 

17 

26 

21 

2 



136 

294 

615 

595 

1,518 

1,624 

1,510 

1,293 

169 



2 

4 

8 

8 

20 

21 

19 

17 

2 



848 

3,276 

8,326 

15,113 

32,618 

29,680 

35,559 

24,367 

1,949 



52,291 
39 



100 
NAp 



12,952 
40 



100 
NAp 



7,753 
38 



100 
NAp 



151,737 
39 



1 

2 

5 

10 

21 

20 

23 

16 

1 



100 
NAp 



TABLE E-35.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates sex, race, and education, by work location 



43 



Underground mine 



Surface at 
underground mine 



Surface mine Plant or mill 



Office 



Total 



Workers 



pet 



Workers 



pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 



Sex: 

Male 

Female 

Unspecified 

Total 

Race: 

White 

Black 

Hispanic 

Other 

Unspecified 

Total 

Education level: 

Some elementary 

Some high school .... 
High school dipioma 
Vocational diploma... 

Some college 

College degree 

Unspecified 

Total 



68,399 


98 


8,686 


98 


50,834 


97 


12,580 


97 


4,359 


56 


144,859 


95 


1,464 


2 


155 


2 


919 


2 


242 


2 


3,340 


43 


6,119 


4 








37 





538 


1 


129 


1 


54 


1 


758 





69,863 


100 


8,878 


100 


52,291 


100 


12,952 


100 


7,753 


100 


151,737 


100 


66,835 


96 


8,696 


98 


47,01 1 


90 


12,334 


95 


7,330 


95 


142,206 


94 


2,588 


4 


100 


1 


713 


1 


175 


1 


122 


2 


3,699 


2 


252 





18 





570 


1 


70 


1 


30 





941 


1 


88 





26 





2,516 


5 


254 


2 


96 


1 


2,981 


2 


99 





37 





1,480 


3 


119 


1 


176 


2 


1,910 


1 


69,863 


100 


8,878 


100 


52,291 


100 


12,952 


100 


7,753 


100 


151,737 


100 


4,912 


7 


553 


6 


2,090 


4 


872 


7 


81 


1 


8,509 


6 


10,406 


15 


1,085 


12 


6,136 


12 


1,636 


13 


209 


3 


19,472 


13 


32,384 


46 


3,685 


42 


24,696 


47 


5,968 


46 


2,523 


33 


69,255 


46 


4,104 


6 


753 


8 


4,451 


9 


915 


7 


396 


5 


10,619 


7 


5,410 


8 


789 


9 


4,807 


9 


1,073 


8 


1,451 


19 


13,529 


9 


2,381 


3 


583 


7 


2,107 


4 


511 


4 


2,324 


30 


7,906 


5 


10,267 


15 


1,431 


16 


8,003 


15 


1,977 


15 


770 


10 


22,447 


15 



69,863 



100 



8,878 



100 



52,291 100 12,952 



100 



7,753 



100 151,737 100 



NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



44 



TABLE E-36.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, 

Experience at g _ 15 41 _ 8Q 
present job, yr 

0< to <1: 

Workers 979 2,510 604 6,845 6,133 2,531 

pet 4 10 2 26 23 10 

1< to < 2: 

Workers 564 2,057 335 6,836 4,604 1,858 

pet 3 10 2 32 22 9 

2< to <3: 

Workers 197 326 194 4,891 2,820 1,524 

pet 1 2 1 35 20 11 

3< to <5: 

Workers 627 340 398 7,711 5,207 2,367 

pet 3 2 2 35 24 11 

5< to <10: 

Workers 1,467 603 461 13,149 7,694 4,040 

pet 4 2 1 38 22 12 

10< to <20: 

Workers 343 364 77 5,197 3,255 1,451 

pet 2 3 1 36 23 10 

20<: 

Workers 72 44 24 506 397 152 

pet 4 3 1 29 23 9 

Unspecified: 

Workers 75 188 2,603 1,194 293 

pet 1 2 21 10 2_ 

Total: 

Workers 4,324 6,432 2,092 47,738 31,303 14,216 

pet 3 4 1 33 21 10 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



by hours of training received in last 2 yr 



81-160 161+ Unspecified Total Mean, h 



1,413 


613 


4,603 


26,230 


36 


5 


2 


18 


100 


NAp 


933 


523 


3,410 


21,120 


36 


4 


2 


16 


100 


NAp 


555 


338 


2,978 


13,824 


40 


4 


2 


22 


100 


NAp 


1,032 


428 


4,018 


22,129 


38 


5 


2 


18 


100 


NAp 


889 


531 


5,817 


34,651 


33 


3 


2 


17 


100 


NAp 


379 


55 


3,272 


14,392 


29 


3 





23 


100 


NAp 


95 


32 


402 


1,723 


36 


6 


2 


23 


100 


NAp 


365 


152 


7,455 


12,325 


36 


3 


1 


60 


100 


NAp 


5,662 


2,673 


31,953 


146,395 


35 


4 


2 


22 


100 


NAp 



45 



TABLE E-37.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 

Experience at 152Q 2\-2Z 24-26 27-29 30-34 35-39 
present job, yr 

0< to <1: 

Workers 444 1,031 2,265 3,311 5,817 5,090 

pet 2 4 9 13 22 19 

1< to <2: 

Workers 179 745 1,592 2,475 5,074 4,376 

pet 1 4 8 12 24 21 

2< to <3: 

Workers 48 358 882 1,790 3,412 2,585 

pet 3 6 13 25 19 

3< to s5: 

Workers 5 481 1,366 2,726 5,031 4,341 

pet 2 6 12 23 20 

5< to <10: 

Workers 81 1,041 3,119 8,302 7,238 

pet 3 9 24 21 

10< to <20: 

Workers 233 1,847 2,865 

pet 2 13 20 

20<: 

Workers 26 

pet 2 

Unspecified: 

Workers 89 345 733 1,069 2,182 2,033 

pet 1 3 (5 9 18 16_ 

Total: 

Workers 765 3,040 7,879 14,725 31,665 28,554 

pet 1 2 5 10 22 20 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



experience at job, by years of age 



40-49 50+ Unspecified 



Total 



Mean, yr 



5,531 


2,562 


179 


26,230 


36 


21 


10 


1 


100 


NAp 


3,997 


2,624 


58 


21,120 


37 


19 


12 





100 


NAp 


3,151 


1,557 


41 


13,824 


37 


23 


11 





100 


NAp 


5,072 


3,033 


74 


22,129 


38 


23 


14 





100 


NAp 


8,806 


5,933 


132 


34,651 


40 


25 


17 





100 


NAp 


4,798 


4,516 


132 


14,392 


45 


33 


31 


1 


100 


NAp 


376 


1,316 


4 


1,723 


56 


22 


76 





100 


NAp 


2,711 


1,918 


1,245 


12,325 


39 


22 


16 


10 


100 


NAp 


34,441 


23,459 


1,866 


146,395 


39 


24 


16 


1 


100 


NAp 



46 



TABLE E-38 — Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, by sex 



Experience at ^!f Female 

present job, y r Workers pet Workers 

0< to <1 25,464 13 677 

1< to <2 20,426 14 642 

2< to <3 13,452 9 333 

3< to <5 21,440 15 607 

5<tos10 33,676 24 848 

10< to £20 14,321 10 25 

20< 1,715 1 8 

Unspecified 11,868 8 188 

Total 142,363 100 3,328 

Median yr.... 4 NAp 3 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Unspecified 



Total 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



Workers 



pet 

18 

14 

9 

15 

24 

10 

1 

8 



20 

19 

10 

18 

25 

1 



6 



89 
52 
38 
82 

127 

46 



270 



100 
NAp 



704 
5 



13 
7 
5 

12 

18 
7 


38 



100 

NAp 



26,230 
21,120 
13,824 
22,129 
34,651 
14,392 
1,723 
12,325 



146,395 
4 



100 
NAp 



TABLE E-39.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, by race 



Experience at Wnite B| a ck Hispanic 

present job, yr Workers pet Workers pet Workers 

0< to <1 24,814 18 750 21 188 

1<to<2 19,659 14 713 20 154 

2< to <3 13,107 10 226 6 101 

3< to <5 21,023 15 518 14 141 

5< to <10 31,951 23 1,128 31 266 

10< to <20 13.648 10 214 6 60 

20< 1,665 1 8 

Unspecified 11,253 8 65 2 

Total 137,120 100 3,612 100 917 

Median yr.... 4 NAp 4 NAp 4 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Other 



Unspecified 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



Total 



Workers 



pet 



20 

17 

11 

15 

29 

7 

1 





335 
474 
357 
377 
908 
345 
50 
86 



11 
16 
12 
13 
31 
12 
2 
3 



144 

121 

34 

70 

398 

124 



923 



8 
7 
2 
4 

22 
7 


51 



100 
NAp 



2,932 
5 



100 
NAp 



1,814 
6 



100 
NAp 



26,230 
21,120 
13,824 
22,129 
34,651 
14,392 
1,723 
12,325 



146,395 
4 



18 

14 

9 

15 

24 

10 

1 

8 



100 
NAp 



TABLE E-40. — Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, by education 



pet 



Some Some high High school Vocational Some College i jnsnpr'f'pd Total 

Experience at elementary school diploma diploma college degree 

present job, yr 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers 

0< to <1 1,397 16 3,601 19 12,566 19 2,357 23 2,549 20 1,326 21 2,434 11 26,230 

1< to <2 760 9 2,404 12 8,906 13 1,677 16 2,076 17 725 11 4,572 21 21,120 

2< to <3 882 10 1,912 10 6,409 10 936 9 1,404 11 841 13 1,440 7 13,824 

3< to s5 1,328 16 3,357 17 11,087 16 1,455 14 2,128 17 1,125 18 1,648 8 22,129 

5< to <10 2,175 26 4,573 24 17,866 27 2,595 25 3,002 24 1,558 24 2,881 13 34,651 

10< to <20 1,444 17 2,501 13 6,904 10 1,007 10 768 6 363 6 1,405 6 14,392 

20< 209 2 287 1 815 1 112 1 84 1 35 1 181 1 1,723 

Unspecified 275 3 744 4 2,862 4 233 2 434 3 445 7 7,332 33 12,325 

Total 8,470 100 19,380 100 67,413 100 10,372 100 12,446 100 6,419 100 21,894 100 146,395 

Median yr.... 5 NAp 4 NAp 4 NAp 4 NAp 3 NAp 4 NAp 3 NAp 4_ 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



18 

14 

9 

15 

24 

10 

1 

8 



100 
NAp 



47 



TABLE E-41.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by 

Experience at Q ^_ Q g _ 15 1fi U _ AQ 41 _ 8Q 8 -|_i 60 
present company, yr 

0< to <1: 

Workers 683 1,923 361 1,775 2,593 732 328 

pet 6 18 3 16 24 7 3 

1 < to <5: 

Workers 644 1,122 576 11,350 6,772 3,853 1,934 

pet 2 3 2 31 19 11 5 

5< to <10: 

Workers 1,694 1,573 555 15,775 9,119 4,493 1,796 

pet 4 4 1 36 21 10 4 

10 < to s15: 

Workers 1,002 889 428 11,857 8,547 3,181 1,027 

pet 3 3 1 35 25 9 3 

15< to <20: 

Workers 145 607 53 4,114 3,227 1,354 286 

pet 1 5 33 26 11 2 

20 < to <25: 

Workers 52 123 73 1,114 423 224 61 

pet 2 5 3 43 16 9 2 

25 < to <30: 

Workers 34 8 38 285 239 122 6 

pet 3 1 3 26 22 11 1 

30<: 

Workers 55 174 9 1,205 367 256 73 

pet 2 6 43 13 9 3 

Unspecified: 

Workers 15 12 263 16 152 

pet 1 10 1 6 

Total: 

Workers 4,324 6,432 2,092 47,738 31,303 14,216 5,662 

pet 3 4 1 33 21 10 4 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



hours of training received in last 2 yr 



161+ Unspecified Total Mean, h 



77 


2,486 


10,958 


29 


1 


23 


100 


NAp 


1,293 


8,648 


36,193 


45 


4 


24 


100 


NAp 


816 


8,224 


44,044 


35 


2 


19 


100 


NAp 


377 


6,474 


33,783 


31 


1 


19 


100 


NAp 


71 


2,451 


12,307 


30 


1 


20 


100 


NAp 





548 


2,618 


24 





21 


100 


NAp 





369 


1,102 


28 





33 


100 


NAp 


8 


647 


2,795 


26 





23 


100 


NAp 


31 


2,106 


2,595 


76 


1 


81 


100 


NAp 


2,673 


31 ,953 


146,395 


35 


2 


22 


100 


NAp 



48 



TABLE E-42.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by years of age 



Experience at 21 _ 23 24 _ 26 27 _ 2g 

present company, yr 

(K to <1: 

Workers 443 947 1,392 1,244 

pet 4 9 13 11 

1 < to <5: 

Workers 302 1,933 3,973 5,255 

pet 1 5 11 15 

5< to <10: 

Workers 85 2,362 6,861 

pet 5 16 

10 < to £15: 

Workers 1,154 

pet 3 

15 < to <20: 

Workers 

pet 

20 < to <25: 

Workers 

pet 

25 < to <30: 

Workers 

pet 

30<: 

Workers 

pet 

Unspecified: 

Workers 20 75 151 211 

pet 13 6 8 

Total: 

Workers 765 3,040 7,879 14,725 

pet 1 2 5 10 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



30-34 35-39 40-49 50+ Unspecified Total Mean, yr 



2,015 


1,881 


1,951 


535 


550 


10,958 


33 


18 


17 


18 


5 


5 


100 


NAp 


8,293 


6,418 


6,316 


3,204 


498 


36,193 


35 


23 


18 


17 


9 


1 


100 


NAp 


11,396 


8,963 


9,716 


4,636 


24 


44,044 


37 


26 


20 


22 


11 





100 


NAp 


9,299 


8,460 


9,240 


5,620 


10 


33,783 


40 


28 


25 


27 


17 





100 


NAp 


304 


2,520 


5,338 


4,095 


51 


12,307 


46 


2 


20 


43 


33 





100 


NAp 





30 


1,095 


1,491 


2 


2,618 


51 





1 


42 


57 





100 


NAp 








289 


812 


1 


1,102 


54 








26 


74 





100 


NAp 








24 


2,772 





2,795 


59 








1 


99 





100 


NAp 


357 


282 


473 


294 


731 


2,595 


38 


14 


11 


18 


11 


28 


100 


NAp 


31,665 


28,554 


34,441 


23,459 


1,866 


146,395 


39 


22 


20 


24 


16 


1 


100 


NAp 



TABLE E-43. — Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by sex 



Experience at Male Female 

present company, yr Workers pet Workers 

0< to <1 10,604 7 223 

1<to<5 34,839 24 1,107 

5< to <10 42,078 30 1,826 

10< to £15 33,589 24 111 

15< to £20 12,277 9 

20 < to < 25 2,587 2 

25< to £30 1,084 1 4 

30< 2,783 2 4 

Unspecified 2,523 2 52 

Total 142,363 100 3,328 

Median yr.... 8 NAp 6 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Unspecified 



Total 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



7 
33 
55 
3 




2 



130 

247 

140 

83 

30 

31 

15 

8 

20 



100 
NAp 



704 
5 



19 
35 

20 
12 
4 
4 
2 
1 
3 



100 

NAp 



10,958 

36,193 

44,044 

33,783 

12,307 

2,618 

1,102 

2,795 

2,595 



146,395 



7 

25 

30 

23 

8 

2 

1 

2 

2 



100 
NAp 



TABLE E-44.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by race 



49 



White Black 
Experience at present company, yr 

Workers pet Workers 

0< to<1 10,279 7 43 

1<to<5 34,020 25 578 

5< to £10 40,687 30 1,499 

10< to <15 31,652 23 1,085 

15< to <20 11,886 9 226 

20< to <25 2,440 2 72 

25< to <30 1,087 1 

30<. 2,677 2 102 

Unspecified 2,392 2 8 

Total 137,120 100 3,612 

Median yr.... 8 NAp 9 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Hispanic 



Other 



Unspecified 



Total 



pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 



1 

16 

42 

30 

6 

2 



3 





39 
378 
322 

155 
14 


9 




4 

41 

35 

17 

2 





1 





220 

755 

1,149 

584 

134 

75 





15 



8 
26 

39 
20 
5 
3 


1 



377 

461 

387 

307 

47 

31 

15 

8 

181 



21 

25 

21 

17 

3 

2 

1 



10 



10,958 

36,193 

44,044 

33,783 

12,307 

2,618 

1,102 

2,795 

2,595 



7 

25 

30 

23 

8 

2 

1 

2 

2 



100 917 100 2,932 100 1,814 100 146,395 100 

NAp 7 NAp 8 NAp 5 NAp 8 NAp 



TABLE E-45.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by education 

Some Some high High school Vocational Some College . . ... _ . 

Experience at present elementary school diploma diploma college degree unspecified lotai 

company, yr 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

0< to <1 792 9 1,769 9 4,509 7 1,176 11 778 6 516 8 1,418 6 10,958 7 

1< to <5 1,501 18 4,721 24 16,153 24 2,976 29 3,675 30 2,188 34 4,979 23 36,193 25 

5< to <10 1,895 22 4,871 25 21,228 31 3,279 32 5,003 40 2,325 36 5,443 25 44,044 30 

10< to <15 2,165 26 4,444 23 17,112 25 2,418 23 2,242 18 1,150 18 4,252 19 33,783 23 

15< to <20 1,256 15 2,158 11 5,528 8 327 3 481 4 122 2 2,436 11 12,307 8 

20< to s25 313 4 376 2 1,045 2 89 1 75 1 18 703 3 2,618 2 

25< to <30 121 1 120 1 456 1 58 1 25 8 314 1 1,102 1 

30< 375 4 687 4 800 1 34 147 1 64 1 687 3 2,795 2 

Unspecified 52 1 234 1 583 1 15 21 27 1,663 8 2,595 2 

Total 8,470 100 19,380 100 67,413 100 10,372 100 12,446 100 6,419 100 21,894 100 146,395 100 

Median yr... 11 NAp 9 NAp 8 NAp 7 NAp 7 NAp 6 NAp 9 NAp 8 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 

TABLE E-46.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age, by education 



Some Some high High school Vocational 

A qe yr elementary school diploma diploma 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

15-20 10 1 144 19 404 53 53 7 

21-23 100 3 358 12 1,746 57 220 7 

24-26 63 1 994 13 3,847 49 791 10 

27-29 363 2 1,535 10 7,332 50 1,223 8 

30-34 670 2 2,897 9 16,208 51 2,631 8 

35-39 876 3 2,952 10 13,201 46 2,410 8 

40-49 2,647 8 5,355 16 15,810 46 1,962 6 

50+ 3,555 15 5,041 21 8,493 36 1,036 4 

Unspecified 185 10 104 6 372 20 46 2 

Total 8,470 6 19,380 13 67,413 46 10,372 7 

Mean age yr... 47 NAp 41 NAp 38 NAp 36 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Some 
college 



College 
degree 



Unspecified 



Total 



Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 



29 

221 

699 

1,556 

3,293 

3,304 

2,377 

947 

21 



4 

7 

9 

11 

10 

12 

7 

4 

1 





114 

436 

873 

1,801 

1,810 

987 

367 

30 



125 
282 
1,049 
1,843 
4,164 
4,001 
5,303 
4,021 
1,108 



16 

9 
13 
13 
13 
14 
15 
17 
59 



765 

3,040 

7,879 

14,725 

31,665 

28,554 

34,441 

23,459 

1,866 



12,446 
36 



9 
NAp 



6,419 
35 



4 
NAp 



21,894 
40 



15 146,395 
NAp 39 



100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 



100 
NAp 



50 



TABLE E-47. — Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age, race, and education, by sex 



Male Female 

Workers pet Workers 

Age, yr: 

15-20 750 1 15 

21-23 2,996 2 45 

24-26 7,685 5 149 

27-29 14,320 10 368 

30-34 30,822 22 753 

35-39 27,787 20 727 

40-49 33,59.1 24 . 754 

50+ 22,920 16 397 

Unspecified 1,493 1 119 

Total 142,363 100 3,328 

Mean age yr... 39 NAp 38 

Race: 

White 134,259 94 2,765 

Black 3,243 2 361 

Hispanic 867 1 51 

Other 2,872 2 44 

Unspecified 1,122 1 107 

Total 142,363 1(H) 3,328 

Education level: 

Some elementary.... 8,426 6 29 

Some high school ... 18,986 13 356 

High school diploma 65,731 46 1,574 

Vocational diploma.. 10,178 7 186 

Some college 11,771 8 648 

College degree 6,163 4 218 

Unspecified 21,108 15 317 

Total 142,363 100 3,328 

NAp Not applicable. 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Unspecified 



Total 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



Workers 



pet 





1 

4 

11 

23 

22 

23 

12 

4 







45 

38 

89 

40 

96 

142 

254 



100 
NAp 



704 
42 



100 



704 



100 



704 







6 

5 

13 

6 

14 

20 

36 



100 
NAp 



100 



100 



765 

3,040 

7,879 

14,725 

31 ,665 

28,554 

34,441 

23,459 

1,866 



146,395 
39 



146,395 



146,395 



1 

2 

5 

10 

22 

20 

24 

16 

1 



100 
NAp 



83 


97 


14 


137,120 


94 


11 


8 


1 


3,612 


2 


2 








917 


1 


1 


15 


2 


2,932 


2 


3 


585 


83 


1,814 


1 



100 



1 


15 


2 


8,470 


6 


11 


38 


5 


19,380 


13 


47 


109 


15 


67,413 


46 


6 


8 


1 


10,372 


7 


19 


28 


4 


12,446 


9 


7 


38 


5 


6,419 


4 


10 


469 


67 


21,894 


15 



100 



TABLE E-48.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age, and education, by race 



51 



White Black Hispanic 

Workers pet Workers pet 

Age, yr: 

15-20 748 1 

21-23 2,908 2 7 

24-26 7,582 6 57 2 

27-29 13,792 10 381 11 

30-34 29,680 22 972 27 

35-39 27,071 20 552 15 

40-49 32,082 23 1,049 29 

50+ 21,917 16 587 16 

Unspecified 1,341 1 8 

Total 137,120 100 3,612 100 917 

Mean age yr... 39 NAp 39 NAp 38 

Education level: 

Some elementary.... 7,935 6 109 3 44 

Some high school ... 18,326 13 440 12 104 

High school diploma 63,957 47 1,634 45 531 

Vocational diploma.. 9,578 7 171 5 44 

Some college 11,314 8 544 15 157 

College degree 6,225 5 108 3 12 

Unspecified 19,784 14 605 17 25 

Total 137,120 100 3,612 100 917 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Other 



Unspecified 



Total 



Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 














18 


1 


765 


1 


34 


4 


• 52 


2 


40 


2 


3,040 


2 


40 


4 


146 


5 


55 


3 


7,879 


5 


110 


12 


370 


13 


72 


4 


14,725 


10 


211 


23 


633 


22 


170 


9 


31,665 


22 


174 


19 


599 


20 


159 


9 


28,554 


20 


191 


21 


696 


24 


422 


23 


34,441 


24 


158 


17 


433 


15 


363 


20 


23,459 


16 








3 





515 


28 


1,866 


1 



100 
NAp 



2,932 
38 



100 
NAp 



1,814 
42 



100 
NAp 



100 



2,932 



100 



1,814 



100 



146,395 
39 



146,395 



100 
NAp 



5 


366 


12 


15 


1 


8,470 


6 


11 


394 


13 


115 


6 


19,380 


13 


58 


1,031 


35 


260 


14 


67,413 


46 


5 


509 


17 


71 


4 


10,372 


7 


17 


360 


12 


71 


4 


12,446 


9 


1 


66 


2 


8 





6,419 


4 


3 


206 


7 


1,275 


70 


21,894 


15 



100 



TABLE E-49.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: number of workers and 
coefficient of variation— employment size class, by type of coal mined 



Employment size Anthracite Bituminous AN 

class Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet 

1-19 1,016 4.2 16,999 4.0 18,016 3.7 

20-49 882 12.2 21,495 4.4 22,377 4.3 

50-99 300 1.7 14,473 8.2 14,773 8.0 

100-249 380 2.0 34,248 2.6 34,628 2.6 

250-499 .0 41,935 .2 41,935 .2 

500+ .0 20,009 .5 20,009 .5 

All groupings 2,578 47 149,158 1J 151,737 1.0 

1 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 



52 



TABLE E-50.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: number of workers and 
coefficient of variation— job title, by type of coal mined 



Anthracite Bituminous 

Job title grouping 1 

Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 188 19.2 2,825 8.4 

Beltman-belt cleaner-belt repairman 7 40.0 5,214 5.0 

Blaster 9 56.8 1.209 12.1 

Continuous miner and related machine operator 4 65.5 6,433 3.7 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 3 100.0 232 23.3 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 101 8.2 10,480 4.9 

Driller-auger operator 110 13.2 2,762 10.2 

Electrician-wireman-lampman 50 22.7 6,155 6.0 

Front-end loader operator 132 13.9 4,192 7.3 

Grader-scraper operator 12 52.1 2,446 8.0 

Laborer-miner-utility man 620 8.0 22,647 1.2 

Longwall operator .0 1,036 9.9 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 187 8.7 9.214 3.3 

Maintenance 2 100.0 2,250 3.5 

Working 6 42.9 5,515 4.0 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 503 8.8 22,735 2.9 

Mine technical support 90 14.0 6,707 4.4 

Office worker 81 16.0 5,261 3.8 

Plant operator-warehouseman 160 8.6 5,735 8.7 

Roof bolter-rock driller .0 8,206 5.8 

Scoop tractor operator-motorman 15 27.9 5,261 7.0 

Shuttle car operator .0 5,646 7.6 

Truck driver 301 17^3 6,997 4.4 

AH groupings 2,578 4^7 149,158 1.1 

'As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 



All 



Workers 


CV, pel 


3,013 


7.7 


5,221 


5.1 


1,218 


11.8 


6,437 


3.7 


235 


23.0 


10,580 


4.9 


2,872 


10.0 


6,205 


5.9 


4,324 


6.9 


2,459 


7.8 


23,267 


1.2 


1,036 


9.9 


9,400 


3.3 


2,252 


3.5 


5,521 


4.0 


23,237 


2.7 


6,797 


4.4 


5,342 


3.7 


5,895 


8.4 


8,206 


5.8 


5,277 


7.0 


5,646 


7.6 


7,297 


4.6 



151,737 



1.0 



TABLE E-51.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 number of workers and coefficient 
of variation— principal equipment operated, by type of coal mined 



53 



Anthracite Bituminous 

Equipment operated grouping 2 

Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 181 18.5 2,887 8.2 

Belt 10 24.5 5,299 5.0 

Continuous miner and related machinery 4 65.5 6,222 4.5 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 103 7.1 9,638 5.1 

Explosives 9 56.8 1,209 12.1 

Front-end loader-forklift 167 12.3 5,216 7.0 

Grader-scraper 12 52.1 2,868 6.4 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 390 16.2 25,633 3.0 

Hoist 41 10.8 443 26.6 

Locomotive-mine car 19 22.6 3,997 6.0 

Longwalls and parts .0 945 4.4 

Many equipment 29 43.1 2,859 4.1 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 490 10.9 12,810 2.2 

Plant equipment 136 13.6 4,108 7.8 

Rock dusting machine-pump 2 100.0 1,132 9.9 

Roof bolting machine-underground drill 23 36.9 8,844 5.3 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 26 37.6 2,182 6.0 

Scoop .0 3,853 8.0 

Shuttle car .0 5,703 7.4 

Surface drill-auger 92 11.2 2,055 11.3 

Truck (haulage) 310 16.1 7,311 4.6 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 6 50.3 2,487 9.6 

Welding machine-lathe 225 10.3 4,284 4.0 

None 207 10.3 21,735 2.9 

Unspecified-not elsewhere classified 14 44.3 178 36.8 

All groupings 2,498 <U5 143,897 1.1 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

*See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 



All 



Workers 


CV, pet 


3,067 


7.7 


5,308 


5.0 


6,226 


4.5 


9,741 


5.0 


1,218 


11.8 


5,383 


6.7 


2,881 


6.2 


26,023 


2.9 


484 


24.2 


4,016 


5.9 


945 


4.4 


2,888 


4.3 


13,300 


2.1 


4,245 


7.8 


1,134 


9.8 


8,868 


5.2 


2,208 


6.0 


3,853 


8.0 


5,703 


7.4 


2,147 


11.0 


7,621 


4.8 


2,494 


9.6 


4,509 


3.7 


21 ,942 


2.9 


192 


34.7 



146,395 



1.0 



54 



TABLE E-52.— Coai mining 1986 workforce estimates: number of workers and 
coefficient of variation — work location at mine, by type of coal mined 



Work location 



Anthracite 




Bituminous 




All 




Workers 


CV, pet 


Workers 


CV, pet 


Workers 


CV, pet 


392 


7.7 


69,471 


1.4 


69,863 


1.4 


121 


15.2 


8,757 


4.1 


8,878 


4.1 


1,229 


5.4 


51,061 


2.0 


52,291 


1.9 


730 


8.2 


12,222 


5.9 


12,952 


5.5 


107 


14.9 


7,647 


2.4 


7,753 


2.4 



Underground mine 

Surface at underground mine. 

Surface mine 

Plant or mill 

Office 

All groupings 



2,578 



4.7 



149,158 



1.1 



151,737 



1.0 



NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 



TABLE E-53.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 number of workers and coefficient 
of variation— experience at job, company, and mining, by type of coal mined 



Anthracite Bituminous 

Experience, yr 

Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet 

At present job: 

0<to<1 219 17.5 26,011 3.6 

1<to<2 243 12.7 20,877 3.9 

2< to <3 117 17.9 13,707 4.8 

3< to <5 218 16.4 21,911 4.3 

5<to<10 439 9.7 34,212 1.3 

10< to <20 345 13.3 14,047 4.1 

20< 136 17.0 1,587 8.8 

Unspecified 781 1CU) 11,545 10.2 

All groupings 2,498 4.6 143,897 1.1 

At present company: 

0< to <1 311 14.7 10,647 8.5 

1< to <5 725 7.5 35,467 2.8 

5<to<10 488 8.4 43,556 1.8 

10<to<15 630 12.7 33,153 2.1 

15< to <20 177 13.9 12,129 6.3 

20< to <25 93 22.8 2,525 ,8.6 

25< to <30 28 25.8 1,074 15.8 

30< 35 38.2 2,760 7.1 

Unspecified 9 64.0 2,586 21.8 

All groupings 2,498 4.6 143,897 1.1 

Total mining: 

0< to <1 89 15.9 3,341 11.4 

1< to <5 299 9.8 16,591 7.4 

5<to<10 291 14.5 38,623 2.4 

10<to<15 287 11.3 33,668 2.0 

15< to <20 114 14.6 14,152 5.0 

20< to <25 85 32.9 4,524 4.5 

25 < to < 30 88 28.5 2,168 6.8 

30< 66 22.8 4,335 6.2 

Unspecified 1,179 13.2 26,494 7.8 

All groupings 2,498 4.6 143,897 1.1 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 



All 



Workers 



CV, pet 



26,230 


3.5 


21,120 


3.8 


13,824 


4.8 


22,129 


4.3 


34,651 


1.4 


14,392 


4.2 


1,723 


8.1 


12,325 


9.7 



146,395 



146,395 



146,395 



1.0 



10,958 


8.5 


36,193 


2.8 


44,044 


1.8 


33,783 


2.2 


12,307 


6.1 


2,618 


8.6 


1,102 


15.7 


2,795 


6.9 


2,595 


21.8 



1.0 



3,430 


11.1 


16,890 


7.2 


38,914 


2.3 


33,955 


2.0 


14,266 


5.0 


4,610 


4.6 


2,257 


6.6 


4,401 


6.0 


27,673 


7.3 



1.0 



TABLE E-54.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 number of workers and 
coefficient of variation— training received, by type of coal mined 



55 



Job training for last Anthracite Bituminous 
2vr - h Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet 

167 30.3 4,157 13.1 

1-8 104 21.8 6,328 8.6 

9-15 12 21.8 2,080 13.0 

16 963 12.5 46,775 3.0 

17-40 117 26.1 31,186 5.0 

41-80 114 28.3 14,102 3.0 

81-160 17 57.4 5,645 7.5 

161+ 6 100.0 2,667 3.5 

Unspecified 997 UA 30,956 5^0 

All groupings 2,498 4.6 143,897 1.1 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 



All 



Workers 


CV, pet 


4,324 


12.4 


6,432 


8.3 


2,092 


12.9 


47,738 


2.9 


31 ,303 


5.0 


14,216 


2.9 


5,662 


7.5 


2,673 


3.4 


31,953 


4.7 



146,395 



1.0 



TABLE E-55.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 number of workers and 
coefficient of variation— age, by type of coal mined 



Anthracite Bituminous 

Age, yr 

Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet 

15-20 30 23.4 735 10.4 

21-23 94 10.5 2,946 11.0 

24-26 130 17.8 7,750 6.1 

27-29 184 9.4 14,541 3.2 

30-34 378 10.1 31,287 2.2 

35-39 332 7.4 28,222 3.2 

40-49 471 10.2 33,971 2.1 

50+ 777 7.6 22,682 2.3 

Unspecified 103 354 1,763 23J3 

All groupings 2,498 4^6 143,897 1J 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 



All 



Workers 


CV, pet 


765 


10.0 


3,040 


10.8 


7,879 


5.9 


14,725 


3.1 


31,665 


2.2 


28,554 


3.2 


34,441 


2.0 


23,459 


2.4 


1,866 


22.5 



146,395 



1.0 



56 



TABLE E-56.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 number of workers and 
coefficient of variation— sex, race, and education, by type of coal mined 



Anthracite Bituminous 

Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet 

Sex: 

Male 2,487 4.6 139,876 1.0 

Female 10 56.3 3,317 8.1 

Unspecified .0 704 17.8 

All groupings 2,498 4^6 143,897 1.1 

Race: 

White 2,480 4.7 134,640 1.2 

Black 6 79.1 3,606 4.5 

Hispanic 5 100.0 912 15.2 

Other 5 100.0 2,927 10.6 

Unspecified 1 100.0 1,812 25.1 

All groupings 2,498 <U5 143,897 1.1 

Education level: 

Some elementary 61 25.1 8,409 5.7 

Some high school 173 16.5 19,207 3.2 

High school diploma 1,148 10.5 66,266 .9 

Vocational diploma 151 31.4 10,221 5.4 

Some college 35 26.7 12,411 3.2 

College degree 52 23.2 6,367 5.3 

Unspecified 877 9J 21,017 6.6 

All groupings 2,498 4j> 143,897 1.1 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 



All 



Workers 



CV, pet 



142,363 

3,328 

704 



146,395 



146,395 



146,395 



1.0 

8.0 

17.8 



1.0 



137,120 


1.2 


3,612 


4.5 


917 


15.0 


2,932 


10.6 


1,814 


25.2 



1.0 



8,470 


5.7 


19,380 


3.2 


67,413 


.9 


10,372 


5.3 


12,446 


3.2 


6,419 


5.3 


21,894 


6.2 



1.0 



57 



APPENDIX R— MINING INDUSTRY POPULATION SURVEY LETTERS 

AND QUESTIONNAIRE 




United States Department of the Interior 



BUREAU OF MINES 

2401 E STREET, NW. 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20241 



Dear Mine Manager: 

The Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, is requesting your help 
in conducting a survey of the mining industry. The survey is designed to char- 
acterize the nation's mine-worker population by occupation, job experience, 
training, age, and other factors. These data are necessary to accurately ana- 
lyze the nation's mine accidents. At this time, the information sought "by 
this survey cannot be obtained from any other source. 

Your firm was randomly selected to represent firms of a similar size in your 
industry. Although your response to this survey is voluntary, the validity of 
the results depends upon a very high response rate. We urge you, therefore, 
to respond as completely and accurately as possible based upon information 
from your personnel files, management records, or direct response from indi- 
vidual workers at your mine. 

Under no circumstances will the information you provide be identified by 
individual mine, company, or worker. The data will be used for statistical 
purposes only and the results of the survey when analyzed with accident statis- 
tics will be made available to the public in the form of official publications. 

Instructions for completing the survey questionnaire are on the enclosed survey 
form. Questions regarding the survey should be directed to: 



Ms. Shail Butani 

Bureau of Mines 

5629 Minnehaha Avenue South 

Minneapolis, MN 55417 

Telephone: (612) 725-4500 

Thank you for your time and effort. 



(Note: Collect calls regarding 
this survey will be accepted during 
regular business hours, 8:00 a.m. to 
4:00 p.m., Central Time.) 



Sincerely, 




<?*ns 



/ I Director 



Enclosure 




United States Department of the Interior 



BUREAU OF MINES 

2401 E STREET, NW. 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20241 



Dear Employer: 

Recently, we wrote to you requesting your help in obtaining data for a survey 
for the mining industry. This information will he used to produce the 
characteristics of the nation's mine-worker population in order to analyze the 
nation's mine accident data more accurately. We have not yet received your 
response and have enclosed an additional survey questionnaire in case the 
original was misplaced or did not reach you. 

Because your firm was randomly selected to represent firms of a similar size 
in your industry, we are making every effort to obtain your response to ensure 
a true representation of those firms. Your response is strictly confidential 
and will be used for statistical purposes only. 

If you have any questions, please refer to the instructions on the first page 
of the questionnaire or call collect, Ms. Shail Butani at 612-725-4500. If 
you prefer, you may report your information directly by telephone. A response 
during the next 2 weeks would be great assistance to the survey. 

Thank you for your help and support in the Bureau's effort to characterize the 
mine-worker population. 

Sincerely, 




Enclosure 





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